加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:过去完成体和过去完成进行体
(2020-04-17 20:44:28)
标签：
365过去完成体过去完成进行体 |
过去完成体和过去完成进行体
1) 过去完成体
过去完成体由 had
Tom
flew
home,
but
his
father
I
had
written the
article
He knew
he
had
met
her before.
过去完成体的“未完成“用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始
一直延续到这一过去时间，且到那时还未结束
仍有继续下去的可能性。
By
six
o'clock
they
had
worked
twelve
hours.
She said that she
had
made
much progress since she came here.
In
1960,
I'd
known
him for ten years;
I met him
for
2)
过去完成进行体 had been+
-ed分词构成。
它的主要
法与现在完成进行体的用法相仿只是时推移到了过去。
I'd
been
working
for some time when he called.
We
had
been
waiting
for
her for
hours by the time she came.
| realized
that
I'd
been
overworking,
so I decided to take a couple
of
days off.
How long
had
it
been
raining
before you shut the
window?
有时过去完成进行体和过去完成体可以替换使用。
I'd
been
working
for three
hour
I'd
worked
for
在两者均可的情况下
口语中倾向于用过去完成进行体。
3）在由
when
/
before
/after/
until
等连词引导的分句中过去完或体的用法
when,
before, after,
until
When
I reached the station,
the
train
had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
I reached the station
after
the train had left.
I didn't
reach the station
until
(after)
the
train
had left.
The train
had
left
before
I reached the station.
上述诸例中的两个先后动作，通常一个动作用一般过去时表示，另一个动作用过去完成体表示
由于连词before/
The
train (had)
left
After
the teacher (had)
left
也可以在以
before
He
offered
me a drink
before I
had
taken
off
my
coat. 他给了我一杯酒喝，然后在我脱掉了外套。
He arrived
before 他到达时 我还没吃完午饭。
能同时使用两个过去完成体的场合极少，下面带有由
by
lhe
time
引导的时间状语分句的句子是少数例外中的一个：
By
the
time
I (had)
recovered
from the
shock,
he
had
disappeared.
但多半还是一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去完成体。
We
had
got
everything ready by the
time they
arrived.
By the time
I
got
downstairs,
the
telephone
had
stopped
ringing.
过去完成体的想象性用法：过去完成体用在某些结构中可表示与过去事态相反的主观设想。
a)
用千由
1f,
if
only,等引导的分句中。
If Bernard
had
walked
faster, everything
would
have
been
all
right.
I
felt
as if
I
had
known
her
all
my
life.
If only you
had
told
me
before.要是你提前告诉了我就好了。
b)
用千
w1sh
I'd
rather
等结构后面的
that-
分句中。
I
wish
I
had
said
that
I
couldn't come.
I
would
rather you
had
told
her
c,
用于
expec.t, think,
intend,
mean(=
intend),
want,
suppose
等动词表示过去未曾实现的希望打算或意图。
I
had
hoped
that
we would
be able to leave tomorrow, but it's
beginning to look
difficult.
I
had
intended
to
make
a
cake,
but
I ran out
of
time.
喜欢
0
赠金笔