章振邦语法英语句子汉译：指示代词与指示限定词_信息流翻译观

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章振邦语法英语句子汉译：指示代词与指示限定词

(2020-03-31 21:14:02)

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365 指示代词

指示限定词

指示代词和指示限定词

指示代词 (demonstrative pronoun)this, that, these , those 与指示限定 (demonstrative determiner) 同形，关于这两类词的用法可以放在一起阐述另外，还有一个such类似于指示代词和指示限定词。

1) 指人还是指物

指示代词 this/that, these/those 通常指物，不指人。

This had resulted in a score or more deaths. 这就导致了二十多人的死亡。

This chair is more comfortable than that. 这把椅子更舒服，好过那一把。

Things such as these are the best themes (主题） for poets. 事物如果是这样就是最好的主题，可以献给诗人。

Of all the pictures I like those best. 在所有的照片中，我认为那些最好。

但是，指示限定词的用法比较灵活，它们既可指物，也可指人试比较：

x Is she going to marry than?

Is she going to marry that man? 她会嫁给那个男的？

x Come and meet these ove he e.

Come and meet these people over here. 来见见这几位，来这边。

当指示代词单独用作某些 SVC 结构的主语时，它们才既可指物，也可指人，比如当说话人时，可以说：

This is my sister.这是我妹妹。

That is her husband.那是她的丈夫。

These my parents. Those are my children.这两位是我父母。那些是我的孩子。

Are these the students who have registered? 这些是学生，已经注册了吗？

This is Johnny. Is that Susan? （电话用语）我是约翰尼，你是苏珊吗？

总之，用指示代词指人是受到严格限制的。

2) 指近还是指远

对千说话人来说，指示对象距离的远近也关系到指示词 (demonstrative) 的选择间题一般说来，指近用 this /these; 指远用 that/those 。

This is my friend Charlie Brown. 这是我的朋友查理·布朗。

That is David my roommate (pointing out someone in a crowd). 那是大卫，我的室友。

Here we are. This is our hotel, isn't it? 这已经到了，是我们的旅馆，对吗？

We are now in Oxford Circus, half-way along Oxford Street, and that street over there is Regent Street, famous all ove the world for its splendid shops.

我们现在在牛津马戏团，在这中段的牛津街；而那条街，那边的那条，是摄政街，以华丽的商店闻名于世。

These cabins are for the second-class passengers, and those on the top floor are for the first-class passengers.

这些小木屋是二等舱，顶层的是一等舱。

在时间观念上，也有远近之分：一般说来， this/these 常用以表示现在或不久将来的态，而 that /those 则常用以表示过去的事态。Suddenly he remembered that time in Rome, a year after they were married; those June nights and the fireflies.

突然，他想起了一段时间，在罗马，在结婚一年后；那些六月的夜晚和萤火虫。

How very nice to see you again after all these years! 真是太好了，能够见到你！上次见面后是好多年了哟！

Do you still remember the days when the city was under Japanese occupation. In those days, people scarcely had enough to eat. 你还记得吗？在那些日子里，这座城市被日本占领；在那些日子里，人们几乎饭都没得吃。

3）后照应与前照应

指示代词和指示限定词的指示照应是后照应，即指示词的照应对象通常出现在上文。

It will be a long time before any landing on Mars (登上火星） can be attempted. This will only be possible when scientists have learnt a lot more about the atmosphere that SUrrounds the planet.

会要很长时间才能让登陆火星得以实现。想成为可能，就得有科学家非常了解大气环绕火星的情况。

Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up (喜气洋洋） He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced (一把抓住） on it with delight. "Perfume (香水）， eh? 突然，我看到那个军官的脸色是喜气洋洋，因为他发现有一个小瓶子在箱子地层，他一把抓住小瓶子，好开心：“响水呢！”

he asked sarcastically (讥讽地） . "You should have declared that. ”他提建议时带有讥讽的语气，“你应该早就声明了那件事情。”

The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet unde the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build

这些平台延伸得很深，到了不止100英尺的海里。这些就花了16个月的时间才建成。

Boxing matches we very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those years, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. 拳击比赛在英国很流行是在200年前。在那些年里，拳击手们的角斗是赤手空拳，为的就是那点奖金。

还可把上文中整个分句、整个句子甚至若干个句子所表达的意思作为自己照应对象，叫“广阔照应 (broad reference) ,照应对象不限千一个名词。

At first glance, the desert seems completely barren of animal life, but this is an illusion. 乍看起来，这块不毛之地完全没有动物但这是一种错觉。

The beginning of the book is more interesting than the conclusion. That's why I'm not very keen on the book. (这本书开头有趣，好过结尾，因此我不很喜爱这本书。

She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her brake hard.

（她突然惊慌起来把车停住, 这就使紧随其后的司机猛烈刹车。

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