分句按语法功能,可分为独立分句 (independent
clause)和从属分句 (Dependent
/Subordinate
Clause)。译文不要被源语言文本的句法结构控制,但必须再现源语言文本的信息结构和功能-意念目标。
[1] The producers are able to supple a
small part of our needs.
这些生产商有能力提供一小部分我们需要的东西。
[2] He knows everything
about it.
(独立分句)
他知道的一切都有关此事。
[3] I am
sure he knows everything about it. (从属分句)
我相信他所知道的一切都有关此事。
[4] That hat
does not fit; you may try another.
(独立分句)
那帽子不合适,你可以试试另外一顶哟!
[5]
If that hat does not
fit,
try another.
(从属分句)
如果那顶帽子不合适,就试试另外一顶吧!
[6]
Some of your answers were correct, but I do not remember
which.
(独立分句)
有些答案是正确的,但是我不记得是哪些了。
[7] I do
not remember which of your
answers were correct. (从属分句)
我不记得哪几个答案是正确的了。
[8] His new
book will soon come out. It is on grammar.
(独立分句)
他的新书会很快出来,专门探讨语法。
[9] His new book
that will soon come out is on grammar.
(从属分句)
他的新作会很快出版,专门研究语法。
简单分句和复杂分句:简单分句单独出现的是“简单句" (Simple Sentence) 。
带有其他主谓结构作为分句成分的分句是复杂分句(complex clause)
。一个单独出现的复杂分句也就是“复杂句" (complex sentence) 。
[1] It is not true. (独立简单分句/简单句)
那不真实。
[2]
What you said is not true.
(独立复杂分句/复杂句)
所有你说的都不真实。
[3] He said that it was not
true.
(从属简单分句)
他说那不真实。
[4]
He
complained that what you said was not
true.
(从属复杂分句)
他抱怨所有你说的都不真实。
主句和从句:主句 (main clause) 是相对于从句 (subordinate
clause) 而言 。
“从句”即从属分句,可以直接从属千另一分句,作为分句成分,也可以从属于一个词组,作为词组的一部分。带有从屈分句作为自已成分的分句便是主句,充当主句的一个成分的分句便是从句 。
主句和从句的关系是相对的 :
在一个复杂结构中是主句的,在另一复杂结构中则又可能是从句 。
[1] He
complained that what you said was not
true. (见教材第1讲第8页。)
他抱怨所有你说的都不真实。
限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句:以限定动词词组作谓语动词的分句叫做限定分句 (finite
clause)
。以非限定动词词组(不定式、
- i ng 分词、
-ed分词)作谓语动词的分句叫做非限定分句 (non-finite clause),包括独立主格结构(nominative
absolute construction) 。
一个主谓结构如果不带任何形式的动词词组作谓语动词便是“无动词分句" (verbless
clause) 。
[1] I signed the paper to get the license.
我但是签文件是为了拿许可证。
[2] Renee bought a book
to read on the
plane.
蕾妮当时买本书看看是为了乘飞机。
[3]
It is
forbidden to smoke in this room.
禁止抽烟的是这个房间。
[4] Can't you recall telling me that story last
week?
你不记得给我讲故事就在上周?
[5]
The
man, wearing such
darkglasses,
obviously could not see
clearly.
那个人戴的是暗色眼镜,显然他是不可能看得清楚的。
[6] Leaving the room, he tripped over the
mat.
在离开时间的时候,他绊倒在垫子上。
[7] Covered with
confusion,
they apologized
abjectly.
一片混乱,他们的道歉很卑微。
[8] The discussion completed,
the
Chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.
讨论结束时,主席宣布休会半小时。
[9] Confident of the justice of their cause,
they
agreed to
put their
case before
the
arbitration panel.
深信自己的是正义事业,所以他们同意把案子交给仲裁委员会。
[10]
One of the most popular tourist sites in Italy,
Pompeii was
viewed by nearly two
million visitors last year.
最受欢迎的旅游景点是意大利的庞贝城,参观的有差不多两百万客人,就在去年哟!
[11] Christmas then only days away, the family was pent
up with
excitement .
圣诞节只隔几天了,这一家子都沉浸在兴奋之中。
加载中,请稍候......