由于手头没有学术论文的搜索资料，只好因陋就简，在wiki上找答案了。由于我非医学相关专业，专业词汇和用法翻译的不当的地方还请大家指正。

Wiki的原文链接如下：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Institutes_for_the_Achievement_of_Human_Potential

Glenn Doman 在1955年在宾州的费城成立了The Institute of the Achievement of Human Potential (人类潜能开发研究所，IAHP)。Doman早教法是Glenn Doman和Carl Delacato在1960年提出来的，最初用于脑损伤儿童的恢复治疗。他们的理论基于一个叫做Temple Fay的神经生理学家提出来的“Ontogeny Recapitulate Phylogeny Theory”，即个体发育可以完全再现一个种系的进化过程。Fay认为，婴儿大脑的发育过程类似于生物进化的过程，从鱼脑进化到两栖动物脑，再进化到哺乳动物大脑，最后进化成人的大脑。这个理念早就被现代生物学家所摒弃，因其对大脑发育的理解过于简化。Doman和他创立的IAHP在Fay理论的基础上，提出一个新词“Neuroplasticity (神经塑性)”，认为大脑在发育过程中会自发的在功能上和结构上获得双向生长。据此，IAHP鼓吹持续不断的高强度感官刺激能够有效促进患儿大脑发育，并且有助于提高大脑的神经官能。在此基础上，Doman进一步推而广之，声称既然Doman法对脑损伤儿童的康复有效（后面会谈到，Doman和IAHP所声称的成效并没有经过科学证实），那么这套方法也应该对正常儿童有效。Doman于1960年发表了他唯一的篇学术论文：Children with Severe Brain Injuries: Neurological Organization in Terms of Mobility, Robert J. Doman; Eugene B. Spitz; Elizabeth Zucman; Carl H. Delacato; Glenn Doman, JAMA. 1960;174(3):257-262.

http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/vol174/issue3/index.dtl

在此之后，Doman和IAHP出版了一系列关于脑损伤儿童的治疗以及正常儿童早期教育的读物。 1974年，Doman在其一本叫做"What To Do About Your Brian-Injured Child"的书里，详细阐述了IAHP对脑损伤儿童的疗法。1984年，Edward Zigler和Robert Hodapp 在"Understanding Mental Retardation"一书中将Doman的方法总结如下：

• Patterning – manipulation of limbs and head in a rhythmic fashion
• Crawling – forward bodily movement with the abdomen in contact with the floor
• Creeping – forward bodily movement with the abdomen raised from the floor
• Receptive stimulation – visual, tactile and auditory stimulation
• Expressive activities – e.g. picking up objects
• Masking – breathing into a rebreathing mask to increase the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled, which is believed to increase cerebral blood flow
• Brachiation – swinging from a bar or vertical ladder
• Gravity/Antigravity activities – rolling, somersaulting and hanging upside down.

（这一段我就直接照抄了，请对Doman理论更了解的同学详细解释）

Doman和IAHP还针对正常儿童出版了一系列儿童早教的读物，“Gentle Revolution Series"(温柔的革命系列)，其中最著名的大概就是“How To Teach Your Baby to Read”，这本书是Doman和他女儿Janet Doman一起写的，号称效果神奇。这套书现在在网上还可以买到。现在国内流行的杜曼早教法大多都是基于这一个系列的读物。

在Doman发表他唯一的篇学术论文之后8年，American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP, 美国儿科学会）对Doman的方法提出质疑，之后，APP分别于1982，1999，2002，和2005年重申了这个质疑。1999的版本在AAP的网站上可以找到PDF版本，报告的全文链接如下：http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/pediatrics;104/5/1149.pdf

结论部分引用如下：

“Treatment programs that offer patterning remain unfounded; i.e., they are based on oversimplified theories, are claimed to be effective for a variety of unrelated conditions, and are supported by case reports or anecdotal data and not by carefully designed research studies. In most cases, improvement observed in patients undergoing this method of treatment can be accounted for based on growth and development, the intensive practice of certain isolated skills, or the nonspecific effects of intensive stimulation.

On the basis of past and current analyses, studies, and reports, the AAP concludes that patterning treatment continues to offer no special merit, that the claims of its advocates remain unproved, and that the demands and expectations placed on families are so great that in some cases their financial resources may be depleted substantially and parental and sibling relationships could be stressed.”

简而言之，AAP认为Doman的patterning方法在科学上没有依据，他们所依靠的理论过于简化，并且Doman和IAHP所声称的疗效并没有建立在严谨的科学实验基础上，而是基于个案或者道听途说。经过Doman和IAHP“治疗”的孩子在大多数情况下都会随着正常的生长发育表现出脑部功能的提高，因此，这并不能归功于Doman法的“疗效”，只是儿童生长发育的正常现象而已。同时AAP指出，由于Doman法收费不菲，给患儿家庭带来的经济负担是不容忽视的。

AAP并不是唯一对IAPH提出质疑的机构，其他还有American Academy for Cerebral Palsy, the United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas, the Canadian Association for Retarded Children， the executive board of the American Academy of Neurology, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation等。

除了AAP这样的组织之外，若干在儿童教育，心理学和神经学方面的专家对Doman法批评不断。在上文提到的"Understanding Mental Retardation"一书中的Edward Zigler博士（耶鲁大学心理学系教授）于1981年提出一个议案，呼吁禁止Doman法的使用，因其容易引起父母错误的期望和负罪感。3年后，Zigler博士在存在"Understanding Mental Retardation"指出，Doman法存在如下严重错误：

• The recapitulation theory it is built upon has been discarded by the natural sciences. （该方法立足的理论已经被科学摒弃）
• The suggestion that motor development has stages, which depend on earlier developments, is not supported by evidence. （该方法声称运动神经的发育存在阶段性，这并没有可靠证据）
• There is no evidence that passive movements by a child, forced to engage in crawling movements, affects neurological organization. （没有证据表明儿童被动的运动，如强迫爬行，会对神经组织有影响）
• Children who voluntarily perform an activity (such a sitting or walking) before mastering preceding stages, are prevented from doing so by the IAHP—possibly harming the child. （IAPH有运动阶段性的规定，接受治疗的儿童在完全掌握现阶段的规定运动之前，不得进行下一个阶段的活动。而这可能对儿童有害）
• The only scientific paper published by Doman on patterning (in 1960) contains many methodological errors and overstatements of findings. The study had no control group so was unable to compare with children who would naturally show some developmental progress over time. When independent scientists compared the results with the progress made by untreated children, the "results of patterning appear singularly unimpressive". （Doman在1960年发表了唯一的学术论文，而这篇文章不仅在实验方法上错误百出，而且夸大了实验结果。该文并没有对照组实验，因此无法跟不接受Doman 法的孩子做比较。当其他科学家做这样的比较时，得出的结论是Doman法完全没有显著效果）
• The patterning procedure may be harmful to its participants (the parents experience guilt at being unable to achieve the intensive program required) and other family members through neglect. (Doman的Patterning方法会给参与的家庭带来负面影响，比如父母对不能带孩子参加如此高强度的训练心怀歉疚，而且家庭其他成员会被忽视)
• It is cruel to offer hope through a program that is impossible to fully carry out. (对父母空口许下无法做到的允诺是一件残忍的事情)

"Teaching children with autism: What parents want" 一书的作者Kathleen Ann Quill指出，“成千上万的家庭在Doman法上浪费了大量的时间和金钱。Doman的伪科学方法不值一提，但是科学家从Doman的商业运作上可以学到很多的东西——Doman成功地利用了父母对孩子的厚望和幻想。”

"Infants Toddlers and Families" 一书的作者Martha Farrell Erickson和 Karen Marie Kurz-Riemer 指出，Doman利用了婴儿潮人们对孩子过高的期望，并成功地把它商业化。然而，Doman法却是 "基于不牢靠或者说根本不存在的所谓研究"之上，而且 "当今大多数儿童教育专家都证实Doman法在很多方面都是无用甚至可能是有害的."

耶鲁大学药学院Steven Novella博士对Doman法提出如下类似的批评：

"The Doman-Delacato patterning technique is premised on a bankrupt and discarded theory and has failed when tested under controlled conditions. Its promotion with unsubstantiated claims can cause significant financial and emotional damage. Such claims can instill false hope in many people who are already plagued by guilt and depression, setting them up for a further disappointment, guilt, and feelings of inadequacy. The process can also waste their time, energy, emotion, and money. These resources may be taken away from their children. Parents can also be distracted from dealing with the situation in other practical ways and coping psychologically as a family with the reality of having a brain-injured or mentally retarded child. Parents are encouraged, in fact, to remain in a state of denial while they are pursuing a false cure."

有些中文资料将Glenn Doman尊称为杜曼博士，有一个卖Doman产品的中文网站称Doman取得了心理(Psychological)治疗的博士学位，但英文维基上仅仅提到Doman是个Physical Therapist（物理治疗师）。我不知道是该网站编辑英文水平有限，还是故意误导群众。据Barnes and Nobles对Glenn Doman作为作者的介绍里说, 他取得了Physical Therapy的学位。链接如下：http://search.barnesandnoble.com/How-Smart-Is-Your-Baby/Glenn-J-Doman/e/9780757001949/?itm=1

Doman早教法（杜曼早教法）好像是大约5年前在国内炒得热起来的，现在也是余热未消。用百度搜索“杜曼”关键词，出来的结果几乎全是卖闪卡卖书的。换以英文Google之，除了杜曼自卖自夸的IAHP和一些卖他在40年前写的那几本书的网站之外，几乎没有任何有参考价值的内容。英文维基百科上Glenn Doman的词条已经被删掉，原因不知。

补充几篇中文博客文章。

来自于萧愚

警惕杜曼法影响孩子语言发育

不要用杜曼,七田真等右脑的东西

美国儿科学会：杜曼法是伪科学

早教要避免形式主义：从“或许有效”的杜曼闪卡说起