交际用语

  

第一单元  介绍、打招呼、告别

   

【单元主要内容及目标】

本单元的主要教学内容及目标是：了解并掌握介绍、打招呼、告别的常用句型及基本表达方法。

 

【讲授】

 

要点1  介绍

   

    常用句型及基本表达

A. 介绍交际对方或第三者

This is…

I’d like to introduce you to…

Let me introduce you.

Allow me to introduce you to…

 

B. 自我介绍

 Hello, /Hi, I’m…

  I’m from…

  Let me introduce myself. I’m…

How do you do?

Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you.

May I know your name?

 

C. 听了对方介绍后, 常用的应答语。

How do you do?

Nice/Glad/Pleased to see /meet you, too.

I’m…

Call me…

 

典型试题解析

 

1. — How do you do?

—                  

A. It’s nice to meet you, too.

B. How do you do?

C. How are you?

D. I’m fine. Thank you. And you?

 

2. — May I know your name?

—                   

A. I’d rather not.                                      B. Yes, you may.

C. Jane Edwin.                                            D. No, please don’t.

3. — Mary, let me introduce you to Mr. Brown. He is an English teacher in our school.

—                   

A. Same, here.

B. It’s nice to meet you.

C. It’s my pleasure to meet you, too.

D. Good!

4. — Bill, this is Alice Jones, my old school friend.

— Nice to meet you.

—                   

A. Nice to meet you, too.

B. Nice to see you.

C. Thank you.

5. — Hi. I’m your new neighbour. My name is Phil Steward.

—                   

A. Oh, you are my new neighbour?

B. Where are you from?

C. Hi. It’s good to see you. I’m Bob Peterson.

D. Do you live alone?

 

答案：

T：请看第1题：How do you do? 这是初次见面时的正式用语，对方该如何应答？

S：对方也该说“How do you do?”。

T：你说得对。在4个选项中，我们应该选B。接着看第2题：May I know your name?(你叫什么名字？)

S：既然别人想要知道你的姓名，那你应该欣然告诉对方才行，选C。

T：是的。再看第3题。当有人把你介绍给第三者时，你该怎么说？

S：It’s nice to meet you.

T：对。当然我们也可以说：“I’m glad to meet you.”。请看第4题。当对方说“Nice to meet you.” 你一般该回答“Nice to meet you, too.”

S：为何句尾要加上“too”。

T：这只是一种客套而已。请看第5题。这是别人在作自我介绍。

S：听到别人作了自我介绍后，我们也该作个自我介绍，选C：Hi, it’s good to see you. I’m Bob Peterson.

T：你说得完全正确。但要注意，Hi!（你好！）一般用在非正式场合。

 

要点2  打招呼、问候

 

常用句型及基本表达

A. 问候对方、打招呼

Hello, James. How are you doing?

How are you, James?

Good morning, James. Are you doing okay?

Morning, James. What have you been doing these days?

Hey, James. How’s it going?

Hey, James. What’s happening?

Hey, James. What’s going on?

Hey, James. How are things with you?

Hey, James. What’s new?

 

B. 问候第三方

Mary, how is John?

  Say hello to…

  Please give my regards/best wishes/love to…

  Please remember me to…

 

C. 常用的应答语

Hello/Hi!

Good morning/afternoon/evening!

Fine, thanks. And you?

Very well, thank you. And you?

Just so so.

Pretty well.

Not bad.

 

典型试题解析

 

1. —Hello, Bill. How is it going?

—              

A. I don’ know.                                           B. It is going fast.

C. Not too bad.                                           D. Hello.

2. —Bob, how is John?

—              

A. He is terrific.                                           B. That’s great.

C.I will say “hello” to him for you.                 D. Wonderfully.

3. —Good evening, Bill. How are things with you?

—              

A. I’m fine.                                                        B. Okay. And you?

C. Good night.                                             D. They are good.

4. —Hello, Bob, haven’t seen you for ages, you look fine.

—              

A. Thank you, you look well, too.                B. Hello, where have you been?

C. I’m not fine these days.                          D.I met you just last week.

5. —              

—Thank you, I certainly will.

A. Congratulations.                                      B. Happy birthday.

C. Say hello to your husband.                      D. I’ll give you a ride.

 

答案：

T：请看第1题：你好，比尔，近况如何？在4个选项中，我们要用选项C。

S：Not too bad 是什么意思？

T：意思是“还可以，不错”。再看第2题：Bob, John好吗？

S：对方问候John，那该怎样应答？

T：用选项A：He is terrific. terrific意为“极好的”。再看第3题：你好Bill，近来怎样？

S：能否用选项A（I’m fine.）来回答。

T：这可不行。正确选项为B：Okay. And you?(不错，你呢？)接着看第4题：你好，Bob，好久不见了。你看上去气色不错。

S：Look fine是不是Look well的意思？

T：是的，因而要用选项A。再看第5题。

S：根据应答“谢谢，我一定会的”，好像对方要你向某人致以问候？

T：你说得完全正确。本题要用选项C：Say hello to your husband，意为“向你丈夫问好”。

 

要点3  告别

 

常用句型及基本表达

A.      告别

Goodbye/Bye bye/Bye!

 See you.

See you later / tomorrow. 

Good night!

Well, I must be off now.

I really must be going.

Nice talking to you.

I have to leave now.

Hope to see you again.

It’s getting late, I’m afraid.

I must be leaving.

 

B.  常用的应答语

Goodbye/Bye bye/Bye!

 See you.

See you later, then. 

Good night!

Thank you for coming.

Oh, so early.

I wish you could stay longer.

 

 

典型试题解析

1. – Good night and thanks again.

  --           .

  A. You can’t say that                                     B. No, no. It’s what I can do

C. How can you say that?                              D. Good night

2. —Please send my best regards to your family.

—               

A. Goodbye.                                                B. See you later.

C. Give me a call sometime.                          D.I will.

3. — I’m afraid I have to say goodbye to you.

—              

A. I’m sorry.                                               B. That’s all right.

C. Never mind.                                            D. I wish you could stay longer.

4. —Hope to see you soon.

—              

A. Me, too.                                                        B. Have a nice trip.

C. Goodbye.                                                D. Take care.

5. —              

—Why not stay for another cup of tea?

A. I’m pleased to meet you.                           B. See you some time later.

C. I’d better leave now.                                D. I’m sorry I’m not free now.

6. — Well, it’s getting late. I must be going. Thank you again for inviting me to the party.

  —             

  A. Oh, it’s so late                                                 B. Thank you for coming

C. Oh, so soon?                                            D. I really had a happy time

 

答案：

T：先看第1题：晚安，再次表示感谢。

S：当客人用“Good night”道别时，主人也要说Good night。

T：是的。接着看第2题：请代我向你家人致以问候。

S：对方一定会乐意做的。选D：I will.（我会的）。

T：完全正确。请看第3题：恐怕我得向你道别了。

S：作为主人，应该挽留别人才是。选D：希望你能再多呆一会儿。

T：是的，应该这样做。接着看第4题：希望不久再见到你。

S：选项中，Me, too。是什么意思？

T：Me, too.是I hope to see you, too.省略说法。本题的正确选项是A。再看第5题。根据下文应答：为何不再喝一杯茶走？

S：那客人一定是表达了道别的意思。

T：是的，因而要用选项C。现在我们看第6题：天色已晚，我该走了。谢谢你邀请我来参加晚会。作为东道主，你该如何应答？

S：那当然该说“谢谢你的光临”，选B才是。

T：你说得很对。

 

【扩展学习】

 

谈论天气

A. 询问天气情况

What’s the weather like in…?

How’s the weather today?

What’s the average temperature in…in winter?

Does it rain much?

B. 描述天气情况

It is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter.

It’s quite cold all year round.

The winters are cold and the summers are hot.

It’s 6℃/only-10℃/about 5℃.

The annual rainfall is only 420mm.

 

1. —              

— It’s cloudy.

A. How is the weather like today?                   B. How is the weather today?

C. What is the weather today?                        D. What is about the weather today?

2. — What’s the weather like today?

—              

A. Today is Sunday.                                      B. It’s August 2nd,1997.

C. Yes, it’s fine.                                            D. It’s hot today.

3. —              

— 27 degrees centigrade.

A. The temperature may be higher.                 B. How is the weather today?

C. What’s the temperature today?                   D. What does the weather forecast say?

4. —              

— The high is twenty four degrees centigrade and the low is eighteen degrees centigrade today.

A. How is the weather today?

B. How high is the temperature?

C. What is the usual temperature?

D. How low is the temperature?

5. — What’s the weather like outside?

—              

A.I like the weather.                                     B. It’s not very hot in summer.

C. It’s raining heavily.                                   D. The weather was very warm.

 

答案：

1．B。询问天气除了用“How is the weather today?”也可用What’s the weather like today?

2．D。本题询问天气如何。

3．C。根据应答：27℃，问的是“今天的气温是多少？”。

4．A。本题询问今天天气如何，因而选A。

5．C。根据上文“外面的天气怎样？”，下文应描述具体的天气情况。

 

 

 

第二单元  邀请、恳求、感谢

 

【单元主要内容及目标】

本单元的主要教学内容及目标是：了解并掌握邀请、恳求、感谢的常用句型及基本表达方法。

 

【讲授】

 

要点1  邀请

   

    常用句型及基本表达

A. 表示邀请

I’d like to invite you to…

Would you like to…?

How about…?

Please help yourself to…

Won’t you have some more?

B. 接受邀请

Yes, I’d love to.

Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you to…

Thank you. I’d be glad to.

Sure. What time?

I’d be delighted to…

That sounds great.

C. 谢绝邀请

 I’d like/love to, but…

I’m sorry, but…

I wish I could come, but…

I’m afraid not, because…

Thank you. I have had enough.

No more, thanks.

Thanks, but…

 

典型试题解析

.

1. — We will have a party on Saturday. Will you join us?

—              

A. No. Thank you.

B. No, I won’t.

C. Yes, I’d love to.

D. Thank you just the same.

2. — Would you like some tea?

—              

A. Yes, I like coffee.                                     B.I prefer tea.

C. Yes, please.                                              D. Don’t please

3. — Would you like some more coffee?

—              

A. Yes, I would have no more.                   B. No, I don’t.

C. Thank you. I’ve had enough.                       D. No, just a little.

4. — Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?

—              

A. Yes, I would.

B. No, thank you.

C. I’d love to, but I have a meeting to attend tonight.

D. Sorry, I can’t.

5. — Would you like to go to the cinema with me this afternoon?

—              

A. I’m sorry.

B. That’s a good idea.

C. Thank you. It’s very kind of you to ask me.

D. Yes, I like.

6.— Please help yourself to the seafood.

—_________

A. No, I can’t.                           B. Sorry, I can’t help.

C. Well, seafood don’t suit for.              D. Thanks, but I don’t like the seafood.

 

答案：

T：先看第1题。当别人发出邀请时，要么接受，要么就是拒绝。但本题选项A和B不是表示拒绝的习惯用法。

S：下文是表示接受邀请的，应该选C。

T：对。请看第2题：你想喝茶吗？

S：表示想喝茶，该选C：Yes, please.

T：你说得对。再看第3题：你想再喝点咖啡吗？不管你是否再想喝咖啡，首先得表示感谢。

S：这样说来，本题要用选项C。

T：对。I’ve had enough. 意思是“不想再喝了”。再看第4题：今晚和我一起吃晚饭，好吗？

S：选D（sorry, I can’t），行吗？

T：不行。想拒绝别人的邀请时，最好能给出一个理由。这样会使拒绝听上去婉转一些。正确选项是C：我很乐意，但今晚要参加一个会议。再看第5题：今天下午我想邀你去看电影，行吗？

S：表示欣然接受，该选C：Thank you. It’s very kind of you to ask me.

T：完全正确。但要注意，ask在句中是“邀请”的意思。请看第6题。主人请客人吃海鲜。

S：不管是否喜欢吃，都得表示感谢，选D。

T：是的。

 

要点2  恳求

 

常用句型及基本表达

A. 表示恳求

Can/Could/Will/Would you…

Please…

Don’t…, please.

Would you be able to…?

B. 接受恳求

OK.

Sure/Certainly/Of course.

No problem.

With pleasure.

I’d be glad/happy to.

C. 婉拒恳求

I’m afraid…

I’m sorry…

Sorry, I can’t. I have to…

D. 对“Would/Do you mind …? ”提出恳求的回答

Would/Do you mind changing seats with me?

  Certainly not.

  No, of course not.

  Not at all.

  No, I don’t mind.

  Yes, I do.

 

典型试题解析

1. — I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

— Not at all.              

A.I have no time.                                         B. I’d rather not.

C. I’d like it.                                                D. I’d be happy to.

2. — Would you mind shutting the door?

—              

A. Yes, please.                                              B. Certainly not.

C. No, I’m sorry.                                                D. All right.

3. — Could you post the letter for me, please?

—              

A. Yes, I could.                                            B. No, I couldn’t

C. With pleasure.                                         D. Not at all.

4.— Could you be so kind as to turn down that rock “n” roll? I’m preparing for tomorrow’s exam.

—_________

A. It’s none of your business.              B. What are you doing?

C. Sure. Sorry to disturb you.              D. No, I don’t think so.

5. — I’m sorry I can’t follow you. Would you mind saying that slowly?

—              

A. No, of course not.                               B. No, I wouldn’t.

C. I’ve no idea.                                           D. No, I would.

6. —Can you answer this question?

—Well,              

A. let me try.                                              B. I’d like to.

C. all right.                                                 D. how nice.

 

答案：

T：请看第1题：我要出差了，请帮我照看一下猫好吗？如表示愿意，该用哪个选项？

S：选项D：I’d be happy to. 它是I’d be happy to look after your cat的省略形式。

T：接着我们看第2题：介意不介意把门关上？

S：如表示不介意，就该用选项B：Certainly not.（当然不介意）。

T：没错。再看第3题：帮我寄一下这封信，好吗？如表示愿意，要选C。

S：选项C：With pleasure具体表示什么意思？

T：意思是“非常愿意”。请看第4题：劳驾把“摇滚乐”开得轻一点？我在准备明天的考试。对“请勿打扰”的恳求，如何回应？

S：我想该用选项C。“Sure”表示“当然可以把声音调得低一点”。

T：但别忘了表示歉意。请看第5题：对不起，我不明白你的意思。你介意不介意说得慢一点？

S：表示不介意，要用选项A：No, of course not.另外三种说法都不对。

T：你说得完全正确。再看第6题：你可以回答这个问题吗？

S：下文中，well是什么意思？

T：well在此用作语气词，表明说话者有些犹豫，觉得没有十分把握。本题正确选项是A：Let me try.（让我试试）。

 

 

要点3  感谢

 

常用句型及基本表达

A. 表示感谢

Thanks.

Thank you (very much).

Thank you for…

Many thanks.

Thanks for…

Thank you very much indeed.

That’s very kind of you.

B. 表示不用谢

Not at all.

You’re welcome.

It’s a pleasure.

My pleasure.

Don’t mention it.

That’s all right.

Oh, it’s nothing.

I’m glad you like it.

 

典型试题解析

1. — Thank you very much.

—                

A. Don’t thank me.                                       B. It’s a pleasure.

C. That’s right.                                            D. No, thanks.

2. — Thanks a lot for your help.

—                

A. It’s not necessary for you to thank me.

B. Don’t thank.

C. That’s right.

D. That’s all right.

3. — It’s really very nice of you to bring me the flowers.

—                

A. Never mind.

B. I’m glad to hear that.

C. Oh, it’s nothing.

D. I like flowers.

4. — Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine.

—                .You look well too.

A. Great            B. Thanks                   C. Oh, no                         D. Not at all

5. —                

— Thank you. I am glad you like it.

A. Have a wonderful time.

B. You are welcome to any of my books.

C. What a nice dress you’ve bought for me.

D. Let me give you a hand.

6. – These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you so much.

  --            .

A. No, no. It’s nothing                                  B. You are welcome

C. Yes, I agree                                              D. Yes, I think so, too

 

答案：

T：请看第1题。对别人的感谢该如何回应？

S：根据上面讲到的一些常用句型及基本表达法，应该选B。

T：那么第2题又该用哪个选项呢？

S：选C。行吗？

T：错了。That’s right是表示同意。本题要用选项D：没关系，不用谢。请看第3题：给我送花，你真是太好了！

S：在4个选项中，选项C：It’s nothing.是什么意思？

T：意思是“没什么，不用谢”。

S：这样说来，本题就该选C。

T：是的。请看第4题：好久不见了。你看上去气色不错。

S：听到别人夸你气色不错，应该表示感谢，选B：Thanks。

T：对。现在看第5小题。根据下文：谢谢，我很高兴你喜欢，那上文一定是别人送了什么礼物。

S：选C：你为我买了多么漂亮的一条连衣裙。

T：是的。请看第6题：这些花确实很美，非常感谢。

S：这题选A，对吗？

T：不对。表示不必感谢，英语不能连说两个no。这题要用选项B：You are welcome.（不用谢）。

 

【扩展学习】

 

警告与禁止

A. 表示警告

Look out!

Be careful!

If you…, you’ll…

B. 表示禁止

Don’t…

You can’t/ mustn’t…

C: 接受警告

O.K.

  I will.

  No, I won’t.

1. —You mustn’t spit everywhere.

—              

A. OK.                                                        B. It’s OK.

C. What are you talking about?                      D. Never mind.

2. —Be careful when you go out. It’s too dangerous to cross the busy streets.

—              

A. Not at all.                                                B. Sure. That’s OK.

C. I’ll be back soon.                                     D. Thank you, I will.

3. —Watch out.

—              

A.I will.                                                       B. I’m sorry to hear that.

C. No. I still have my watch.                         D. I’ll stay at home and watch TV.

4. —Please don’t make a noise.

— ______________ . I’ll be as quite as a mouse.

A. Yes, I won’t                                            B. Yes, I will

C. No, I will                                                D. No, I won’t

 

答案：

1．A。表示愿意听从警告。

2．D。对别人的善意告诫，要表示谢意。

3．A。“I will”表示愿意。

4．D。表示“不会这样做”。