19、Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life-enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

 

 

(1)、According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.

A：he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

B：he has saved up enough money

C：he has satisfied his hunger

D：he has learned to build houses

答案：C

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(2)、It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II, most Americans ______.

A：lived in poverty

B：were very rich

C：had the good things on the first three levels

D：did not own automobiles

答案：D

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(3)、Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?

 

A：A successful career.

B：A comfortable home.

C：A good meal.

D：A family car.

答案：A

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(4)、What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

A：The more goods the better.

B：The more "luxury" items the better.

C：The more mental satisfaction the better.

D：The more earnings the better.

答案：C

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(5)、The author tends to think that the fifth level ______.

A：would be little better than the fourth level

B：may be a lot more desirable than the first four

C：can be the last level

D：will become attainable before the government takes actions

答案：B

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

20、Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls. Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women - especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.

To solve the problem, they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.

The suggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation was. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs, if it meant higher wages for themselves.

Some other people have suggested another way called "phased employment theory". The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.

 

 

(1)、Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because ______.

A：all of them are employed in unsuitable types of work

B：their participation in work has a bad influence on the economic development

C：most skilled male workers are now unemployed

D：nowadays no one can take care of children except women

答案：B

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(2)、Some union officials have suggested that if women resign their jobs, ______.

A：they should be allowed to attend school to be trained

B：their jobs should be taken over by the male members of their families

C：the male employees in their families should receive double wages

D：their children should also leave their kindergartens

答案：C

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(3)、According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return to housework was ______.

A：opposed by most men and women

B：welcomed by men only

C：welcomed by women only

D：welcomed by men and women

答案：A

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(4)、According to the passage we can see "phased employment" means ______.

A：two or more women share the same job

B：women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays

C：a woman should resign her job forever if she has a child

D：women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years

答案：D

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(5)、Based on the "phased employment" theory, during a woman's leave from her job ______.

A：her work should be done by her husband or brothers

B：her family's income level will be a little lower than it normally is

C：her family can still keep the same level of income

D：either her husband or her brothers will be given double wages

答案：B

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

21、Many studies have identified a strong link between suicide and diagnosable mental illness, especially depression. So, because women suffer from depression at a much higher rate than men, they would seem to be at higher risk for suicide. Yet, women actually commit suicide about one-fourth as often as men.

George E. Murphy, professor of psychiatry at Washington university school of Medicine in St. Louis, says that females may be protected because of the way they think about problems and interact with others. "Women process their experience with friends. They discuss their feelings, seek feedback, and take advice. They are much more likely to tell a physician how they feel and cooperate in the prescribed treatment. As a result, women get better treatment for their depression."

 That treatment may help protect them from suicide, but Murphy suggests there is more to it. The approach to problem-solving is what often lands a woman in a psychiatrist's office in the first place, and that approach may be keeping female suicide rates lower.

    Murphy believes women are less inclined to commit suicide because their thinking is more inclusive. While a man might tend to throw aside seemingly peripheral（非本质的，边缘的） issues to get to the core of a problem, a woman might take more things into account. She may continue to seek input and process problems long after the point where men decide on a course of action. "She'll consider not just her feelings, but also the feelings of others - her family, the children, even acquaintances - and how these people will be affected by a decision like suicide. A man is much less likely to take those things into account. He makes his decision, and it's about him, so he does not feel the need to share it with anyone else."

 

(1)、What is the passage mainly about?

 

A：The relationship between depression and suicide.

B：Women's higher rate of depression than man.

C：Reasons for women's lower risk of committing suicide.

D：The treatment of mental illnesses such as depression.

答案：C

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(2)、Females get better treatment for their depression perhaps because ______.

A：they are more concerned about their health

B：they have more experience in dealing with depression

C：they may discuss their feelings with a doctor and be cooperative

D：they are more afraid of suicide

答案：C

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(3)、The word "inclusive" in paragraph 4 probably means ______.

A：comprehensive

B：liberal

C：open-minded

D：firm-minded

答案：A

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(4)、It is implied that a man can reduce his chance of committing suicide if he ______.

A：goes straight to the core of a problem

B：does not allow himself to be influenced by his acquaintances

C：consults a psychiatrist regularly

D：changes the way he thinks about problems and interact with others

答案：D

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A

 

(5)、When a man suffers from depression, it is typical of him to ______.

A：process his feelings and seek advice

B：consider just his feelings when he makes a decision

C：throw aside obviously important issues

D：act in a hostile manner towards a psychiatrist.

答案：B

难度：1

知识点：阅读理解部分\大学英语A\文科A