TPO14: MAYA WATER PROBLEMS
(2011-12-22 19:08:12)
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Maya Water Problems
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到原句“If one focuses on the wet months, one calls the Maya homeland a “seasonal tropical forest”; if one focuses on the dry months, one could instead describe it as a “seasonal desert.””意思是:如果注重湿润月份,玛雅故乡可以被叫做季节性热带雨林;如果注重干旱月份,则可称之为季节性沙漠。往前看也找不到答案,所以应该找段落大意。文章开头第一句说“…we think of their environment as “jungle” or “tropical rainforest””意思是:我们认为玛雅人的环境是丛林或热带雨林气候。接下来一句话“This view is inaccurate and the reason proves to be important.”意思是:这一观点是不精确的,原因也很重要。接下来都在讲原因,所以这自然段就是新观点驳倒老观点。那么只有选项四符合。
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:第一句话“From north to south in the Yucatan Peninsula, where the Maya lived, rainfall ranges from 18 to 100 inches per year, and the soils become thicker, so that southern peninsula was agriculturally more productive and supported denser populations.”意思是:玛雅人居住的Yucatan半岛从北到南,年降雨量是18英寸到100英寸,并且泥土变得更厚,因此半岛南部的农业更多产并且支持更密集的人口。因此选项一,二,三都是对的;再看第二句“But rainfall in the Maya homeland is unpredictably variable between years;…”意思是:但是玛雅故乡的降雨是年年多变不可预测的。。。说的是玛雅故乡,不分南北,所以选项四错。
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:最后一句话“The ancient Maya were presumably more experienced and did better, but nevertheless they too must have faced risks of crop failures from droughts and hurricanes.”意思是:古代玛雅人被认为更有经验并做得更好,但尽管如此他们也必定要面对干旱和飓风引起绝收的风险。只有选项二符合。选项一错,没说到解决问题;选项三错,没讲降雨增加了;选项四错,没讲古代土地更肥沃。
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:paradoxically
in a way that is surprising because it is the opposite of what you would expect;释义来自朗文当代英语词典
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:看到“The likely explanation…”之前的句子“While that made things hard for ancient Maya living in the south, it has also made things hard for modern archaeologists who have difficulty understanding why ancient droughts caused bigger problems in the wet south than in the dry north.”意思是:尽管这使得南方古玛雅生活艰难,但也使得现代考古学家难以理解为什么古代干旱会在潮湿额南方造成的问题比在干旱的北方更大。只有选项三符合。
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落最后一句“Making matters worse, most of the Yucatan Peninsula consists of karst, a porous sponge-like limestone terrain where rain runs straight into the ground and where little or no surface water remains available.”意思是:更糟糕的是,Yucatan半岛大部分由karst组成,一种多孔类海绵石灰岩地形,雨水会直接流入地下导致几乎没有可用的表面水。
选项一错,北方需要打井取水。
选项三错,南方因为海拔高,取不到水。
选项四错,不是农业用尽而是都流入地下了。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:倒数第二句话“But much of the south lies too high above the water table for cenotes or wells to reach down to it.”意思是:但是南边大多离相对水位太高,地漏和井都触不到。所以选项三正确。
8.
以下哪一项能表达出高亮句子的精华核心含义?错误选项改变重要含义或者遗漏精华信息。
The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.
解释是玛雅人挖地凹或者修改自然凹陷,并且在凹陷底部打石膏充满karst中的缝隙来造出蓄水池。蓄水池能够从大的石膏盆地收集水并且储存到旱季再用。
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:不言而喻。
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第四句“For example, reservoirs at the Maya city of Tikal held enough water to meet the drinking water needs of about 10,000 people for a period of 18 months.”意思是:例如,Maya,Tikal城中的蓄水池储存的水足够满足大约1万人在18月内的饮水需求。选项一符合。
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:To prolong something means to make it last
longer.
Mr Chesler said foreign military aid was prolonging the
war...
= extend;
释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
11.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典exhuasted:completely used or finished;释义来自牛津高阶。
12.
Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The difference between the two climates challenged the Maya who had to deal with both.
两种气候的不同挑战了玛雅人,他们两者都必须要应对
解析:解题关键在于the difference between the two climates,这意味着插入句子前面有提到两种气候以及两种气候的差异。只有最后一句“If one focuses on the wet months, one calls the Maya homeland a “seasonal tropical forest”; if one focuses on the dry months, one could instead describe it as a “seasonal desert.””提到了两个季节以及之间的不同,因此答案是最后一个插入口。
13.
Southern Mayan homeland
● 1
● 3
● 4
Northern Mayan homeland
● 5
● 7
Answer Choices
○City of Tikal
○Predictable rainfall
○High above water table (在水位上很高)
○Used reservoirs (用蓄水池)
○Obtained water from wells (打井取水)
○Dramatically improved corn crops (极大地改善了玉米种植)
○ Had comparatively thin layer of soil (有相对薄的泥土层)
解释说明文
第一段说要理解玛雅人和他们面对的生态困难,最先要考虑的就是他们的环境,一般我们认为是丛林或热带雨林,但其实这种看法不精确,理由很重要。正确地说,雨林地区应该是赤道地区高降雨量全年潮湿的地方,但是玛雅老乡在离赤道1600km远,只能叫做季节性热带雨林。尽管5月到10月是雨季,1月到4月却是旱季。如果只看雨季,那当然就叫“seasonal tropical forest”,若只看旱季,那就叫“seasonal desert”。
第二段大体介绍了Yucatan半岛(玛雅人住的地方)至北向南的变化。年降雨从18英寸到100英寸,泥土变得更厚,也因此半岛南部农耕产力更大人口更稠密。不过玛雅老家每年降水无法预测变化多端,所以现代农民在古玛雅老乡种玉米都经常遇到绝收,尤其是北边。而古玛雅人更有经验而且做得更好,他们同样也必定要遭遇干旱和飓风带来的绝收。
第三段说很奇怪的是玛雅南方降雨更多,可是水问题在南方却更严重,现代考古学家表示难以理解。可能的解释是Yucatan半岛有地下水,但是表面海拔由北至南越来越高,那么北边的人可以打井取水,南方就几乎不可能了,因为离水太高了。更糟糕的是Yucatan半岛有多孔的karst,降水会直接透过空隙流到地下。
第四段说那南方玛雅那么多人怎么办呢?不仅如此,令人叹服的是他们很多城市都不是建在河边的而是在旋转的高地上。解释是玛雅人打地凹或修改自然凹陷,然后用石膏封住karst的缝隙来建造蓄水池,为旱季储水。举了Tikal城的例子,蓄水池能存下的水可供1万人使用18个月。另外一个例子,Coba城围着湖建造堤坝提高水位,使水供应更可靠。不过,文章又说18月的旱季就够难熬的了,若是旱季延长了,他们还是会遇到麻烦,再者说了农作物的种植需要的是雨水而不是蓄水池。