TPO12: TRANSITION TO SOUND IN FILM
(2011-12-22 18:58:09)
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Transition to sound in film
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:to consider or have an opinion about something or someone;释义来自剑桥高级学习词典。
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:第一句“The shift from
silent to sound film at the end of the 1920s marks, so far,
the most important
transformation in motion picture history.”意思是:20世纪20年代电影从无声到有声的转变是电影历史上最重要的转变。
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:You describe a situation as a paradox when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other. 释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到原句“In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies’ visual images, from the Japanese benshi(narrators) crafting multivociced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony –size orchestras in Europe and the United States.”意思是:很多例子中,在录制声音前时代的观众经历过精心设计的伴随着电影图画的听觉展示,从日本Benshi中制造多声音对话到欧洲和美国合唱队演奏的原始音乐作品。选项一错,没谈到观众的喜好问题;选项二错,那时候没有为电影录过音;选项四错,没讲改变;只有选项三符合,往前看一句“Nearly every movie theater, however modest, had piano or organ to provide musical accompaniment to silent pictures.”意思是:几乎每个电影院,不管多么寒碜,都有钢琴或风琴来为无声的图片配上音乐伴奏。
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到最后一句“In Berlin, for the premiere performance outside the Soviet Union of The Battleship Potemkin, film director Sergei Eisenstein worked with Austrian composer Edmund Meisel on a musical score matching sound to image; the Berlin screenings with live music helped to bring the film its wide international fame.”意思是:在柏林,The Battleship Potemkin在苏联外首映,由导演Sergei Eisenstein与奥地利作曲家Edmund Meisel协作将音乐乐谱配上图像。在柏林上映藉着现场音乐,电影有了更大的国际知名度。 从这句话中可以发现这是苏联之外的首映,然后因为有现场伴音,因此有了更大的国际知名度,如果在苏联就有伴音的话知名度就不会只在柏林放映后才获得,所以可以推出这是这部电影第一次伴音。那么选项一对。选项二错,没讲在苏联受不受欢迎的问题;选项三错,没说过是不是第一个例子;选项四错,Eisenstein没讲过这话,也没表过态。
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:overshadow = over + shadow; shadow n.阴影;在上面加上阴影所以是“使。。。黯然失色”;原句是“Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s. ”意思是:不仅如此,录制声音的成功超过了20世界20年代同时前进丰富多样的对视觉图像科技和审美的实验。个人认为选项应该是全错,但ETS非逼着你选一个不可,那就只能选第一个了。其他的都没有那种超过,胜过,使之黯然失色的感觉,只有选项一勉强说得过去。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第三句“The high cost of converting to sound and the early limitations of sound technology were among the factors that suppressed innovations or retarded advancement in these other areas.”意思是:转化成声音的高成本和早期声音技术的限制是压制其他领域革新和阻碍进步的因素。所以选项一错,选项二对;第二句“New color processes, longer or differently shaped screen sizes, multiple-screen projections, even television, were among the developments invented or tried out during the period, sometimes with startling success.”意思是:新的颜色处理,更长的不同形状的屏幕尺寸,多屏幕投影,甚至电视机,都是那段时期的发明或试验的发展,有时也会有惊人的成功。选项三对;最后一句“The introduction of new screen formats was put off for a quarter century, and color, though utilized over the next two decades for special productions, also did not become a norm until the 1950s.”意思是:新的屏幕格式被推迟了四分之一个世纪,并且颜色,尽管接下来二十年都用于特殊生产,也是知道50年代才变成常规的。
8.
以下哪一项能表达出高亮句子的精华核心含义?错误选项改变重要含义或者遗漏精华信息。
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.
尽管从之后的角度很难想象,但在20世纪20年代有一类意见认为有声电影会是很快从眼界中消失的新颖技术,就像第一次世界大战之前试图连接图像和录制声音的尝试一样。
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:选项一错,不是第一次世界大战之前就消失了,意思完全改变了。
选项三错,没说它在第一次世界大战中受欢迎程度。
选项四错,整个意思都改变了,批评家们说过这是一项很重要的技术革新。
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:If you neglect someone or something, you fail to look after them properly.释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:第二句“These critics were making a common assumption- that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) wound invariably occur again.”意思是:这些批评家有一个同样的假设,就是早期努力中的技术不足还是雷打不动的会再次发生,比如同步效果弱,扩音弱,声音录制弱。
选项一错,无此比较;选项二错,事实上是解决了的,所以错了;选项三错,无此比较。
11.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据commercial定位到最后一句“They were interested in all of forms of sound technology and all potential revenues for commercial exploitation.”意思是:他们对所有形式的声音技术都感兴趣,并且想要商业开发的潜在利润。
12.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据Europe定位倒数第二句话“In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years.(though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films.)”意思是:在欧洲花的时间更长了一点,主要因为对于那里的小生产商来说,声音的成本令人望而却步,并且在世界其他地方,因为设备的获得权延缓了几年向有声产业的转变(尽管大城市的电影院可能会装上线放映外国有声电影)。
13.
When this research resulted in the development of vastly improved sound techniques, film studios became convinced of the importance of converting to sound.
当这个研究导致极大改善的声音设备的发展,放映厅开始相信转向有声电影的重要性了。
解析:this research 是解题关键,要找到前面的反指;段落第二句“With financial assets considerably greater than those in the motion picture industry, and perhaps a wider vision of the relationships among entertainment and communications media, they revitalized research into recording sound for motion pictures.”意思是:随着比电影业大得多的资产注入,再加上娱乐和通讯媒体之间更宽阔的视野关系,他们重新开启了为电影录制声音的研究。因此答案就是第二个插入口了。
14.
The transition from silent to sound films was the most important development in film history.
电影从无声到有声的过度在电影发展史上最重要。
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
解析:选项一对,第二段主要内容。
选项二对,第三段主要内容。
选项三对,第四段主要内容。
选项四错,文章无此内容,无中生有。
选项五错,文章除了谈到几次尝试失败以外,没谈到第一次世界大战之前的事儿。
选项六错,文章没谈到美国的小型电影制片商。
因此,答案是:1,2,3;
第一段强调电影从无声到有声的转变在电影史上的重要性无与伦比。而这一转变发生在20世纪20年代末。无论何种语言和措辞,电影历史最明显的分界线就是无声和有声。
第二段但是这种分界的标准又影藏了很多悖论。之前每个剧院,不管多么寒碜都要配乐器,钢琴或者风琴,来为电影伴音。举了日本Benshi和欧洲美国交响乐团的例子,还有电影The Battleship Potemikn的例子,这其中导演和演奏家合作,使这部电影在苏联外的首映(在柏林)获得了更多国际关注。
第三段说录制声音的胜利掩盖了其他同时代科技发明。举了那时代的其他发明的例子:新的颜色处理,更大更不一样的屏幕尺寸,多屏幕投影和电视机。转换声音的高成本以及声音技术的限制等诸多因素抑制了革新并且阻碍了其他领域的发展。很多技术被推迟了四分之一个世纪,有些直到50年代才开始普及。
第四段讲现在很难想象,之前有一类批评家的意见是不看好有声电影的。他们认为有声电影的发展会像第一次世界大战之前的类似尝试一样灰飞烟灭。但是他们忽略了一个新力量,在电影业这个力量永远不接受no。
第五段讲这些新力量是迅速扩张的电子和通讯公司想要在声音技术中获得利润。
第六段讲因为在电影行业中的大量投资以及娱乐和通讯媒体之前的合作,他们重新开启了对声音技术的研究。接着1929年美国就开始大量发行有声电影。到1930年,美国转型基本完成。欧洲要慢一点,因为那边的小生产商还负担不起转化声音的费用。世界其他地方因为不能获取设备或者版权的问题也被延迟了几年。不过总的来说,有声电影的胜利迅速,完整并且受欢迎。