TPO24: LAKE WATER
(2011-12-04 14:24:09)
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托福ibt阅读解析杂谈 |
分类: 托福阅读全解析(OG TPO Onlin |
Lake Water
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:这一段的一句话“Where does the water in a lake come from, and how does water leave it?”意思是:湖中的水打哪儿来,水又如何离开?第一段回答了这两个问题。“Water enters a lake from inflowing rivers, from underwater seeps and springs, from overland flow off the surrounding land, and from rain falling directly on the lake surface.”意思是:进入湖的水来自入流河水、地下渗入的水和喷泉、周围陆地的水流失和直接降到湖面的水。“Water leaves a lake via outflowing rivers, by soaking into the bed of the lake, and by evaporation.”意思是:水通过外流河、渗入湖底和蒸发离开湖。
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:Gainis also a noun.
Excessive weight gain doesn't do you any good.
= increase;释义来自科林斯高级学习词典
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:原文第四句“For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect.”意思是:对于大多数湖,尤其是那些被森林包围的湖,地面水流的输入太少了以至于几乎没有任何感觉得到的影响。选项三的信息可以通过这句话推理出来的。选项一错,原文没提到过雨水占了最大比例。选项二错,原文没有这么说过。选项四错,原文没做过这样的比较。
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回原文看到原句“Note the word ‘net’: measuring the actual amounts of groundwater seepage into the lake and out of the lake is a much more complicated matter than merely inferring their difference.”意思是:注意单词“净值”:测量渗透和流出湖的地下水量是比仅仅谈到它们不同之处要复杂得多的问题。句子中的冒号便是引出下文作出解释,所以选项四符合。
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:You say conversely to indicate that the
situation you are about to describe is the opposite or reverse of the one you have just
described. (FORMAL)
In real life, nobody was all bad, nor, conversely, all
good.
释义来自科林斯高级学习词典
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据seepage-dominated lake,回段落定位到倒数第二句“For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water all through a dry summer in spite of having not streams flowing into it mush obviously be seepage dominated.”意思是:例如,丘陵地区的一个小湖经历干旱夏季,在没有溪水注入时还能保持稳定水位,这明显就是渗透型湖泊。
选项一错,有溪水注入,水位波动,明显就是表面水型湖泊。
选项三错,有一条溪水注入一条溪水流出,明显不是渗透型。
选项四错,有表面和地下水,旱季会失水,肯定不是渗透型。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据molecule定位到段落第三句“The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake, and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at which water leaves the lake.”意思是:居住时间是任何一个水分子在湖中逗留的时间长度平均值,是通过计算湖水流量流出湖泊的速度来得出的。既然residence time 是一个平均时间,那么一个水分子的逗留时间当然可以长于它也可以短于它。
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据湖名回到原句“Lake Erie’s
is the lowest: although its area is larger than Lake Ontario’s, its
volume is less than one-third as great because it is so
shallow-less than 20 meters on average.”意思是:伊利湖的居住时间最低:尽管它的面积比安大略湖大,它的水量还不到三分之一,因为它太浅了-品均深度不超过20米。
选项一错,这不是居住时间低得原因;
选项二错,反了;
选项四对,没提到;
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到第五段的段落大意,先看第一句“Residence times vary enormously.” 意思是:居住时间变化很大。第二句“They range from a few days for small lakes up to several hundred years for large ones;…”意思是:它们从小湖的几天到大湖的几百年不等。。。接着段落开始举出Lake Tahoe和五大湖的例子,为了表明不同的湖居住时间不一样。
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:原句“The slowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences; ”意思是:水更新的减缓导致一系列更多后果。
11.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据northwestern Ontario定位到段落第三句“Climatic change(the result of global warming?) is dramatically affecting the residence times of some lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada.”意思是:气候变化(全球变暖的结果?)严重影响了加拿大安大略湖西北部一些湖的居住时间。中间讲了降雨变少,蒸发变快都是为了证明水更新变慢了。所以最后一句“The slowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences; it causes dissolved chemicals to become increasingly concentrated, and this, in turn, has a marked effect on all living things in the lake.”水更新变慢导致一系列更多后果;它使得溶化的化学物质不断变浓,然后这样反过来会对湖中生命造成很大影响。
12.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:原文没有谈到化学物质的集中对居住时间的影响,只把它作为一个气候变化造成的结果。
13.
Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Of course, a lake may be neither surface-water nor seepage-dominated if, for example, its inputs are predominately surface and its outputs are predominantly seepage.
当然,一个湖可能既不是表面水类型也不是渗透水类型,比如如果一个湖的输入主要是表面水而输出主要是渗透。
解析:看到这句话,首先可以确定的是,插入口之前肯定已经把表面型湖和渗透型湖介绍并解释过了。那么只有段落最后两句分别作了解释,所以答案是第四个插入口。
14.
Water enters, remains, and eventually leaves a lake in a variety of ways.
水进入,保留并且最后离开湖的的方式多种多样
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
解析:选项一对,第二段的主要内容。
选项二错,没有谈到过水位和水量改变与水蒸发的关系。
选项三对,第三段后半段内容。
选项四对,第五段和第六段主要内容
选项五错,无此比较。
选项六错,文章没提到过物种种类。
现象解释说明文
第一段介绍湖水从哪儿来,怎么流出。流入的水来自入流河,地下水渗透和喷泉,地面周边水流,降雨。流出的水通过出流河,渗透到湖床,蒸发。
第二段讲每种途径流入和流出的水量。入流和出流河的水量可以通过测量流入和流出河和溪的流量来获得。与大气交换的水量可以通过测量降雨量和蒸发量差别来获得。地表流水对森林中的湖水无太大影响。对于这些湖,地下水的渗入和渗出的差异改变了水位。当然测量这些差异比仅仅提到它们要复杂得多。
第三段讲湖的类型,分为表面湖类型和渗透湖类型。若是输入和输出主要是通过表面则属于表面湖类型;若是输入和输出主要通过地下则属于渗透湖类型。接着分别举了两例子。
第四段引入了residence time居住时间的概念。居住时间是湖中水分子逗留的平均时间。
第五段讲residence time因湖而异。举了五大湖的例子。
第六段讲一个湖的residence time也不是恒定不变的。这取决于水流入湖中的速度。举了加拿大安大略湖的例子。气候改变造成水更新变慢,从而引起了很多问题,其中化学物质浓度增大,对湖中生物有很大影响。