OG: EARLY CINEMA

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Early Cinema
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据kinetoscope parlor会第一段寻找信息。发现:
选项一对,第四句“It was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors…and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time.”
选项二对,第六句“…customers moved from machine to machine to watch five different films..”
选项三错,原文没提到prizefight是否是最喜欢的节目
选项四对,第四句“…view a short, 50-foot film…”
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据phonograph parlors 定位到文章第一句话,“These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had prove successful for Edison several years earlier…..The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way.” 意思是:这些Kinetoscope arcades是以phonograph parlors为模板的,它们在爱迪生早些年被证明很成功。。。Kinetoscope parlors 的运行方式类似。
选项一错,没谈到经济上的成功;
选项二对,确实就是用来描述Kinetoscope parlors的模板
选项三错,没讲到知名度的问题
选项四错,压根儿没在科技上作比较
3.
He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.
他拒绝开发投影技术,理由是如果他做了而且卖了投影仪,放映商就只会从他那儿只买一台机器(一个投影仪)而不是几个。
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:句子表达的时间的因果关系,爱迪生不开发投影仪因为他觉得这样放映商就不会买多个机器了。Reason v.理论;refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事; projection technology 投影技术; projector n.投影仪; exhibit v.展示,展览,陈列; exhibitor n.放映商,展示者。所以答案明显选择第三项。
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查查字典!You use readily to say that something can be done or obtained quickly and easily. For example, if you say that something can be readily understood, you mean that people can understand it quickly and easily.=easily; 来自科林斯高级英语学习词典。
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:好吧,查字典!assistance n.协助;assistant adj.助手;assist v.协助;原文是“with the assistance of Edison’s former assistant, William Dickson”help放进去非常符合原文含义。
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据early movies和previous spectacles回原文定位到第二句,发现没讲区别,看下去发现第三句“But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or(in the case of slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program. ” 意思是:但是电影和其他娱乐形式有很大不同,这些娱乐要么依靠现场表演要么依靠组织最后节目的仪式大使的积极参与。所以,电影是不需要现场娱乐人员的。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解释:选项一对:段落第二句话“….by mixing films and other entertainments together…”
选项二错:没讲film-makers更不用说给意见了
选项三错:exhibitor是不参与到现场活动的,第一句话说“…with little or no active participation by the exhibitor. ”
选项四错:没谈到exhibitor有这个责任。
Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other entertainments together in whichever way they thought would be most attractive to audiences or by accompanying them with lectures, their creative control remained limited.
这句话的主干是 Even though引导一个让步状语从句,主句是their creative control remained limited. 主干的形式是Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by A or by B, their creative control remained limited. A 指的是 mixing films and other entertainments together in whichever way they thought would be most attractive to audiences意思是:用任何他们认为最吸引观众的方法混合电影和其他娱乐方式; B 指的是 accompanying them with lectures意思是:给电影配上讲座。所以整句话的意思是:尽管早期展示者用任何他们认为最吸引观众的方法混合电影和其他娱乐方式或者给电影配上讲座来塑造他们的电影节目,他们的创造力控制还是有限。
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:文章第一句话很长“With the advent of projection, …..the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.”这句话的意思是:随着投影的到来,看客与图像之间的关系已经不再是以前和洞眼设备比如Kinetoscope和Mutoscope那样私密了,Mutoscope是一个类似的机器,通过单独相片卡而不是赛珞璐片条上连续的图像复制移动。Mutoscope用的是单独相片卡individual photographic card而不是 strips of celluloid所以在材料上是不一样的,答案毫无疑问选第四项。
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:包含It的原句是“It suddenly became public- an experience that the viewer shared with dozens, scores, and even hundreds of others.”意思是“它突然变得公开了,变成了看客与十几,二十几,甚至是成百的人一起看的经历”。选项一,“投影的到来”变得公开,说不通;选项二,“看客和图像的关系”变得公开,对;选项三,“类似的机器”变得公开,不合适;选项四,“celluloid”变得公开,更不合适。其实前面一句话也就是这段的第一句“With the advent of projection, the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private, as….”主语就是“the viewer’s relationship”。
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据段落最后一句话“At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches(in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.”意思是“与此同时,观众看到的图像从原来洞眼中的只有一两寸的小图像扩展到了真人大小的6或9尺。”所以答案选第一项。Expand v.扩大,膨胀;life-size 真人大小,实物大小; minuscule adj.小的; dimension n.维度; inch n.英寸; proportion n.比例; feet n. 英尺。
11.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:expand v.扩大,膨胀。只有选项一的enlarge符合。en- 前缀,“使”;large adj.大; 所以enlarge v.使…变大。
12.
Look at the four squares that
indicate where the following sentence can be added to the
passage.
When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope business, Edison acquired a projector developed by Armat and introduced it as “Edison’s latest marvel, the Vitascope.”
当投影技术这样广泛的使用开始伤害到他Kinetoscope的业务时,爱迪生接受Armat开发的一个投影仪并且命名为“爱迪生最后的惊叹,the Vitascope”
解析:首先通过投影技术这样的广泛使用“this widespread use of projection technology”,之前肯定要提到这个广泛使用。只有最后一句话有描写早期投影设备的广泛运用“These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters, legitimate theaters, local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters, fairgrounds and amusement parks...”所以应该放在第四个插入口。
13.
现代电影院技术在十九世纪末进化
1.
2.
3. 早期电影院允许个人使用特殊机器来单独地看电影。
4.
5. 投影技术的发展使得把图像投影到大屏幕上成为可能。
6. 一旦电影图像可以投影,电影院就变成一种大众消费形式了。
选项一错,细节,论述主体不对。Kinetoscope是否以phonograph parlor为模型与电影的进化无关。
选项二错,文章没提到过,not mentioned.
选项三对,1,3,4,6段都有提到过,这种重复提到的是文章的主体重复,即主要观点。
选项四错,细节,论述的主体不对。
选项五对,3,4,5,6段都有提到过,这是一个关键的发展,使得大众消费形式成为可能。
选项六对,这个思想在文章开头第一句就表达出来,文章后面的篇幅都是在讲述电影怎样从最初的私人体验转变成大众消费。
因此,答案是: 3,5,6;
这是一个说明文,全文讲述了电影技术的发展,如何从一开始的洞眼技术发展到大家一起看的大众消费形式,最主要的发明就是投影技术projection technology。第一段讲了洞眼技术,例子是爱迪生发明的Kinetoscope。第二段讲了Kinetoscope是基于phonograph的,爱迪生发明了这个Kinetoscope就拒绝再研发投影技术了,因为他觉得别人不会买好多机器而只买一个机器了(真小心眼)。第三段接着讲了投影技术的发展,并慢慢普遍。第四,五段讲投影技术与原来剧院展示形式的区别。最后一段,讲投影技术和之前洞眼技术的差别,给观众的体验从私人到公共,有了很大改变。