Compensation/indemnification/reimbursement/refund

(a)    compensation

compensate: v. [compensate sb. for sth.] to pay sb. money because they have suffered some damage, loss or injury, etc. 给某人赔偿，补偿：Her lawyer say she should be compensated both for her injuries and for the suffering she had been caused. 她的律师说她不但应当得到伤害赔偿，而且还应当得到因伤害而遭受痛苦的赔偿。

compensation: n. [compensation for sth.] sth., especially money, that sb. gives you because they have hurt you or damages sth. that you own 赔偿金，补偿金：to claim/receive/award/compensation 要求/判给/得到赔偿 Compensation has cost the company a lot of money. 公司花了一大笔钱支付赔偿金。

(b)    indemnification

indemnify: v. ①[indemnify sb. from/against sth.] 用于法律商业正式文件secure against harm, damage or loss；to promise to pay sb. an amount of money if they suffer any harm, damage or loss 使某人免受伤害、损害或损失；保证补偿某人可能受到的伤害、损害或损失：Each party shall indemnify the other from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any of the warranties set forth in this Article. 一方如果违反其在本条中的任何保证而使另一方发生损失，应向损失方作出补偿。②[indemnify sb. for sth.] to pay sb. an amount of money because of the damage or loss that they have suffered. 给某人赔偿，补偿：The construction company indemnified him for his injury.

indemnity: n. ①[indemnity against sth.] protection against harm, damage or loss, especially in the form of a promise to pay for any that happens 保障；补偿 : an indemnity clause (provision in a contract under which one party (or both parties) commit to compensate the other (or each other) for any harm, liability, or loss arising out of the contract.) 补偿条款 ②a sum of money paid to sb. by way of compensation for a particular loss suffered by such party 赔款，补偿金 When a country has been defeated in war, it sometimes has to pay an indemnity to the winners. 战败国有时必须向战胜国赔款。To prevent overpaying for policyholders’ losses, the insurance industry has established a rule of indemnity .为防止对投保人所受损失的超额赔付，保险公司已建立了一套赔偿规则。

indemnification: n. 赔偿，补偿金：In the event of a third-party claim, with respect to which Party B is entitled to indemnification hereunder, party B shall notify party A in writing as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 5 days after receipt of such claims. 如果第三方提出乙方按本合同规定有权获得补偿的索赔请求，乙方应在实际可能的情况下尽早通知甲方，但无论如何不得迟于收到该等索赔通知后5日。 Should any loss or damage occur, Party A shall lodge claims against the insurer and pay a part of the indemnification received from the insurer to Party B. 如果发生损失或损坏,由甲方向保险人提出索赔，并将从保险人处获得的赔偿的一部分付给乙方。

indemnification的法律内涵：

Ø  The indemnifying party may or may not be responsible for the loss suffered by the indemnified party.

Ø  Forms of indemnity include cash payments, repairs, replacement, reinstatement, etc.

Ø  Means to compensate another party to a contract for any loss that such other party may suffer during the performance of the contract.

Ø  The obligation to indemnify is a voluntary obligation.

(c)    reimbursement

reimburse: v. [reimburse sb. for sth.] to pay back money to sb. which they have spent or lost (Often, a person is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses when the person incurs those expenses through employment or in carrying out duties for another party.) 退还，偿还，补偿：You will be reimbursed for any travel expenses incurred. 我们将偿还你所有差旅费。For overtime work, they usually reimburse employees for meals and transportation fees and double or triple their pay. 加班时，他们经常给员工报销餐费、交通费，向其支付双倍或三倍的工资。

reimbursement: n. a sum of money paid to someone for money already spent or losses 退款，补偿：Reimbursement for expenses will not be considered unless the trip had prior approval. 未经事先批准的出差费用将不予报销。You will receive a reimbursement for visa expenses incurred for the purposes of project-related travel. 因本项目出差而发生的签证费用可以报销。

(d)    refund

refund: v. [refund sth. to sb./refund sb. sth. ] to give sb. their money back, especially because they have paid too much or because they are not satisfied with sth. they bought 退还，退款，偿还： any payment in excess shall be refunded and any deficiency shall be made up 多退少补 We will refund your money to you if you are not entirely satisfied. 如果你并不感到完全满意，我们会全额退款。

refund: n. a sum of money that is paid back to you, especially that you paid too much or because you returned goods to a shop/store 退款，偿还金额： If there is a delay of 12 hours or more, you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip. 如果耽搁达12小时，您会得到全额旅费退款。

       （由得法翻译总结和整理）