莎士比亚十四行诗新译与赏析

 William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）（1564—1616）是文艺复兴时期英国以及欧洲最重要的诗人、戏剧家。“莎士比亚体”（Shakespearean）或“伊丽莎白体”十四行诗，由三节四行诗和两行对句组成，每行10个音节，属于抑扬格五音步。韵式为ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG。在英国乃至世界十四行诗的创作中，Shakespeare Sonnet堪称顶峰，当得起空前绝后的美称。

有别于梁实秋、屠岸、曹明伦、辜正坤等翻译大师的异化风格，笔者刻意追求归化，以打油诗译意，易于为青少年所接受。 此乃笔者首次大胆尝试，正所谓“童言无忌”。本人译诗尚未入道，在此平台刊登习作，如能承蒙专家斧正，我也不枉贻笑大方！

SONNET 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?          怎能将你比夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:         夏天没有你温婉！

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,     狂风五月蓓蕾残，

And summer's lease hath all too short a date:              夏日勾留何其短？

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,         丽日当空难留恋，

And often is his gold complexion dimmed,           云雾迷蒙转眼间。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,        百花飘零莫惊叹，

By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:  万物生死由判官。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,             君之美艳永不减，

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,        诗中汝色更保鲜。

Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,   死神索你空往返，

When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,          奈何丽人驻诗篇。

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,         只要吾诗万代传，

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.     世人瞩目你芳颜！

本诗主旨：人生百年几春秋？我将汝美诗中留！自信吾诗能不朽，君之靓丽可长久。

本诗可以说是莎士比亚十四行诗中最有名的一首。诗中作者颂扬情人，坚信美好事物将永存于世。英国夏天温暖而不炎热，是最宜人之季，英国的夏天相当于我们中国的春天，是一年中最宜人的季节。诗人列举了夏天相比“阳光男孩/白马王子”的种种缺点，并且希冀以此不朽诗篇使得心上人的美艳常驻人间。诗中运用了拟人、转喻、借代、暗喻等修辞手段，创造了一连串鲜活的意象，借景抒情，寄物言志，烘托了诗歌的主题，真可谓“诗中有画，画中有诗，情景交融。”(In Chinese, the word 夏 is usually connected with the hot and scorching weather. Therefore, it is always out of people’s favor. But in England, summer is the most agreeable season. It is as warm as spring in China. Thus summer is associated with mildness and beauty in English. In this sonnet Shakespeare compared his dear friend to ＆ with summer.)

打油诗也是诗歌园地的一朵奇葩。笔者试着中西合璧、古今结合，拙现几分创新意识，旨在抛砖引玉，不怕贻笑大方，只求内行扶持！

               选自《大众文艺》2011年第9期之“原创平台”

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