Passage20   （BCBCD）

    A recent study described coal as a “bridge to the future”. As the most plentiful fossil fuel in the world, coal has the possibility for filling a growing proportion of the demand for energy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel.

Coal is found around the globe, but three countries (the United States, the former Soviet Union and China) own nearly two thirds of all knows coal reserves. At present rates of using coal, these reserves would last the world more than 200 years, according to the estimates carefully made. Furthermore, scientists think the world probably has 15 times this much coal.

While the United States has the largest share --- more than a quarter --- of the 786 billion tons of known world coal reserves, both the former Soviet Union and China produce almost as much coal ass the U.S. does.

    In addition to the category of known reserves, the U.S. Geological Survey has calculated that the United States has an estimated 1.7 trillion() tons of coal at depth of less than 3,000 feet. Unfortunately, much of this coal is not easy to get with present technology or at present prices.

To produce and use much more coal than we do today, a number of problems will have to be solved: capital at high interest rates, manpower

51.One of the advantages of colas is that                   .   

   A) it can improve global climate     B) there is a lot of it

   C) it is always easy to dig          D) it doesn’t pollute

52.Which problem is Not mentioned in the article?

   A) Difficulties in digging the coal.          B) Pollution of the environment.

   C) What happens when the coal is used up.   D) Insufficient rail facilities.

53.Which country has the largest share of known world coal reverses?

   A) China                        B) The United States     

   C) The former Soviet Union         D) The article doesn’t tell us?

54.How much coal does the United States have in known coal reserves?

   A) 786 billion tons              B) 1.7 billion tons   

   C) Nearly 200 billion tons        D) 3,000billion tons

55.According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?

   A) The U.S. has about 1.7 trillion tons of coal at depth of more than 3,000 feet.

   B) Scientists think that all coal reserves have been found out.

   C) All coal is easy to get because we have modern technology.

   D) The U.S., the former Soviet Union and China produce almost equal amounts of coal.

 

Passage21    （ADBBC）

     One of the characteristics that distinguish human beings from the other animals is their highly developed ability to communication--- that is , to transfer ideas from one individual to another through abstract visual or oral symbols and, especially to record these symbols so that they can communicate with individuals far away in place or time. Many of the other animals also communicate with each other in a less complex but nevertheless interesting fashion. Some birds have a repertoire of calls, each of which appears to have a significant meaning to other birds. Worker bees have a sign system, by which they inform other bees in the hive of the direction and distance to a food supply. Some animals communicate by using chemical language; the odors they produce may attract or repel other animals.  Still others project messages by gestures, facial expressions, or body attitudes. Communication by use of a language composed of abstract symbols---particularly recorded symbols---appears, however, to be confined to the human animals.

56.The main idea of the passage is that                     .   

    A) although other animals can communicate, only human beings have a language composed of

       abstract symbols that they can record

    B) all animals have a symbol of communication

    C) worker bees communicate with one another

    D) to be abstract is to be better

57.Which is an example of chemical language?

    A) Body language.

    B) Gestures that animals use to communicate.

    C) Facial expression.

    D) Odors animals produce that attract or repel other animals.

58.Worker bees use their sign system to tell other bees of                              .   

    A) immediate danger

    B) the direction and distance to food

    C) changes in the weather

    D) ways to improve the structure and design of the hive

59.According to the selection, bird calls                     .   

    A) are simply pleasurable sounds that enrich the environment

    B) have a meaning to other birds

    C) have no meaning

    D) are part of the chemical language birds use to communicate

60. When the passage talks about “recorded symbols”, it is talking about                   .

    A) speech      B) sounds    C) writing       D) computer activity

 

Passage22  （ADBCB）

    If there is any single factor that makes for success in living , it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are doomed(注定的)indeed to failure. For it isn’t defeat that makes you fail: it is you own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.

    Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeats is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation, analyze it and learn why you failed. Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause. Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weights is suspected. It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated. If you exploit(利用)the power which defeat gives, you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of.

61.What does the author know?

   A) He knows at least several cases of success.

   B) He knows how to profit from success.

   C) He knows every success that has been achieved by man.

   D) It is not mentioned in the passage.

62.The person who is able to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success is likely

                         .

   A) to be a successor              B) to be ashamed of his defeat

   C) to let a baby grasp a rod        D) to achieve success.

63.Defeat is valuable                 .

   A) because they are routine incidents in everyone’s life

   B) because it provides not only the guide but also the impetus to success

   C) because it forces you to face it without humiliation

   D) because you yourself refuse to see in it the guide and encouragement to success

64.The author                     .   

   A) wants you to take defeat as failure

   B) orders you to confuse defeat with failure

   C) wants you not confuse defeat with failure

   D) advises you to confuse defeat with failure

65.The author thinks that if you make full of the power which defeat gives, you               .

   A) will never meet defeat again      B) will surpass yourself

   C) will be admired by others        D) will not feel ashamed of anything any more

 

Passage23    （DBDCC）

    Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one’s muscle also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhere the same way that we listen to music with bodies.

    You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

    Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener “feels” himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.

    The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.

66.Some psychologists maintain that thinking is                    .

   A) not a mental progress

   B) more of a physical progress than a mental action

   C) a progress that involves our entire bodies

   D) a progress that involves the muscles as well as the brain

67.The progress of thinking and that of listening are similar in that                      .

   A) both are mental acts      B) muscles participate in both progress

   C) both progresses are performed by the entire body

   D) we derive equal enjoyment from them

68.The pronounced body motions are a listener’s way of               .                     

   A) “felling” the music

   B) participate in the performance

   C) deriving enjoyment from the music

   D) all of the above

69.Body movements are necessary in order for the listeners to           .                     

   A) hear the music                       B) appreciate the music  

   C) enjoy the music fully                D) completely understand the music

70.According to selection , muscle participation in the progress of thinking is            .

   A) deliberate                          B) obvious

   C) not readily apparent                D) very pronounced