路透新闻～澳大利亚的学者研究表明，过量增补维生素Ｄ和钙并不能够预防老年男性的骨质疏松！他们所进行的为期18个月的研究表明，经常进行体育锻炼的个体之骨质密度较每天仅服用1000毫克钙和800国际单位的维生素D，但无系统性体育锻炼者高。针对该发现，专家们仍强调适量地补钙和服用维生素Ｄ仍是降低骨质疏松的主要措施之一，但预防骨质疏松更为重要的措施是运动如跑步或举重等，即适量的运动是预防骨质疏松或强筋壮骨最为主要的措施（注：这与本人的观点高度一致）。

　　路透新闻披露，全美受骨质疏松影响的人数多达四千万以上，其中最为常见的是老年女性，其次约有７％的白人男性和５％的黑人男性患有骨质疏松。

　　美国国立卫生研究院建议，19～70岁的男性每天应该补充钙1000毫克，补充维生素Ｄ600国际单位；大于70岁的男性每天则应补充更多的钙（1200毫克/天）和更多的维生素D（800国际单位）。美国国立卫生研究院认为不吸烟、少喝酒和多运动等是预防骨质疏松最主要的措施。

　　最后需要指出的是，患有骨质疏松的个体应在医生的指导下采取有力的措施预防骨折，如防止跌摔和避免过度负重等。

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　　NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Taking extra vitamin D and calcium does not seem to prevent bone-thinning in older men, according to Australian researchers.

　　However, exercise did boost bone mineral density, a proxy for bone strength, their report shows.

　　Despite the findings, people still need to get enough calcium and vitamin D to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, or bone thinning, said Dr. Mone Zaidi, an osteoporosis researcher at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, who was not involved in the study.

　　"It is like the four legs of the stool: vitamin D and calcium, exercise, medications if a person is losing bone, and the fourth leg is telling people how to prevent fractures," Zaidi said.

　　More than 40 million people in the US are affected by osteoporosis. It is most common in older women, but about seven percent of white men and five percent of black men are affected, according to the American College of Physicians.

　　In the new study, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Robin M. Daly from the University of Melbourne, Australia and colleagues randomly assigned men aged 59 to 70 to an exercise program, drinking milk fortified with calcium and vitamin D, doing both, or doing nothing.

　　They measured the men bone density before and after the study, which took place over 18 months, but they did not look at fractures.

　　At the end of the study, men who exercised had higher bone density than those who had supplemented their diet with 1000 milligrams of calcium and 800 international units (IU) of vitamin D per day.

　　Adding the supplements to the exercise program provided no extra benefit, hinting that the men already had enough vitamin D and calcium in their diets to be able to boost their bone strength through exercise alone.

　　The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is 600 IU in adults up to age 70, and 800 IU for older people, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A 6-month supply of vitamin D supplements can be bought for less than $10, and many multivitamins contain the recommended daily dose of vitamin D.

　　As for calcium, the NIH advises 1,000 mg per day for men ages19-70, and then 1,200 mg per day for men older than 70.

　　To build bone density, weight-bearing exercise is needed, such as running or weight-lifting, according to the NIH.

　　In animal studies, a lack of vitamin D has been linked to several diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and some types of cancer. However, there is not enough data to say if vitamin D can help treat or prevent these diseases, Zaidi said.

　　To reduce the risk of bone weakening, the NIH recommends not smoking, drinking less alcohol and exercising more.

　　Zaidi said that both vitamin D and calcium are extremely important for human health, so people should follow the previous vitamin D and calcium recommendations.

　　"You have got to have it to build a wall," he said. "Adding more might not strengthen the wall, but you have to take enough to keep the wall strong. Otherwise it might fall apart."

　　SOURCE: http://bit.ly/i4tDqs The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, online January 5, 2011.