加载中…《四级作文-十五》
(2012-06-18 12:05:31)
标签：
宋体h2h1gb2312图表作文教育 |
分类： 大学课件 |
15
Practical Writing: Diagram、Graph
四级考试流程如下:
点评
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大学英语四、六级图表作文
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近几年四、六级图表作文的难度有所增加，大大降低了考生直接猜中题目的可能性。其中单一变量的直方图比较简单，2002年6月的大学英语四级考试写作的“大学生使用计算机情况”是大学英语四、六级考试对时间和字数做出要求后首次出现的图表题，也是采用了直方图表。考生从这种图表入手熟悉该题型会比较容易。
图表作文之议论文
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图表作文的注意事项：
§
图表作文总体上来说仍属于议论文范畴；
§
注意：不要在第一段罗列所有数据，使形式单调，没有重点，篇幅又长，容易让人厌倦，而第二、三段受篇幅和时间限制，不能充分展开。
§
合理的结构安排是：第一段简明扼要，尽量少引数据，重在点明趋势；第二、三段的分析是重点，应运用适当手法展开说明趋势。
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pie
graph
Model
Fire Causes in London
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The graph shows the fire causes
in London. As can be seen from the graph, careless smokers,
defective insulations and children playing with matches are the
three major causes of fires in London.
§
Among
the three major causes, smoking and children playing with matches
accounts for 50 % and 37.5% of the fires respectively.
Defective insulation is a
less serious cause which is responsible for only 12.5% of the
fires.
§
From
this we can conclude that whatever causes the fire, carelessness
seems to be the root cause. Therefore, people should be more
careful with fire. Children should be warned of the danger of
playing with matches and electric workers should be instructed to
take good care of insulation(绝缘体).
Average Income of the Chinese Farmers
§
The
above line graph describes changes in the average income of Chinese
farmers between the year of
§
What
resulted in the changes? There are two major factors contributing
to this. First, with the policy of reform and opening up, farmers
are more activated by the household contract responsibility system,
which offers many policies favorable to farmers. Second, the
government has increased its subsidies to (farmers) and reduced
taxes on farmers.
§
Considering
the factors just outlined/mentioned, we may safely arrive at the
conclusion that the average income of Chinese farmers
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预测题：某企业2005年到2009年年初返厂工人人数的变化
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预测依据
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折线图更强调一种变化趋势，描述图表时就要注意突出这一点，之后引出主题加以讨论。图表题一定会反映出一个具体问题。从该预测题目不难看出，涉及到的社会热点就是金融危机造成工厂用工人数减少。该图表并非单一发展趋势，所以通过该题目练习分析图表背后的话题并加以分析是重点。
题目：The Workers Who Returned to the
Company at the Beginning of the Year
§
1.
描述返厂工人人数变化的趋势
§
2.
简要分析原因
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2005年至2009年年初返厂工人人数变化
§
This
graph shows that the great changes in the number of workers who
returned to the company at the beginning of each year. From 2005 to
2007, the number of returning workers rose greatly. However, it
went down sharply since 2008.
§
The
changes provide us much food for thought (引人深思的事) . First, with the development of
economy, the production in this company has been blossoming. Thus,
the number of workers in the factory was accordingly growing up
until the year of 2007. Then, since 2008, the financial crisis all
over the world has led to a great drop in the production, which has
caused the obvious decrease on the number of workers the company
needs.
§
From
the changes reflected in the graph, we can assume that the number
of workers who returned to the company at the beginning of each
year depends heavily on the production of the
company.
§
结构点评
§
本文开头描述图表，然后分析变化的原因，最后做出总结。
§
第一段用一句话描述图表，show that the changes
in…。然后详细描述两个发展趋势，rise greatly
和 go down sharply。
§
第二段具体分析变化的原因。第一层原因层层推理，用with the development…,
thus等词连接，使行文紧凑有条理。Then引出第二层，分析2008年后的变化趋势，用了lead
to和cause等动词短语引出。
§
第三段也是一句话总结原因，depend heavily
on…。
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用词点评
§
本文中有两个变化趋势，所以在行文中注意到了变化的对比。
§
第一段中rise
greatly和go down
sharply形成了鲜明的对比，并用however这个副词连接。
§
第二段中，用到“增长”这个表达时，为避免重复，使用了be blossoming, grow
up等表达。副词accordingly表明生产和工人数之间的关系。同样在表达“减少”时，用到了a great drop
和obvious
decrease。Lead
to和cause说明互相之间的因果关系。
§
第三段总结发展趋势，depend heavily
on说明内在原因。
§
题目：People Use the Internet in China
§
1.
简述人们上网的原因构成
§
2.
简要分析
§
2009年我国上网人数构成
§
The
chart has given us a general illustration of the distribution of
people surfing the Internet for different reasons. Among all the
people surfing the Internet, people browsing websites account for
(占…百分比 ) 37%, while people watching movies make up 21%, people
downloading something 19%, and people chatting and shopping only
13% and 10% respectively.
§
说明：本段简单描述图表的分配情况和所占的比例。
§
It
is no wonder that the main purpose for people to surf the Internet
is browsing websites, for it is the easiest way to approach the
Internet. On the other hand, as more and more resources have been
uploaded to the Internet, a lot of people are using them by
watching movies or downloading something directly, who are 40% in
all. Shopping and chatting online are involving some advanced
application of the Internet, so there are not so many people who
can make it.
§
As
is shown in this chart, the more easily the purpose can be
achieved, the more people are using it. And as the development of
technology, the distribution will change. More and more people will
take part in online shopping and chatting.
结构点评
§
本文第一段开头先用一句话总述图表，a general illustration of the
distribution of …。然后分别详细说明图表的各个部分。
§
第二段分析原因，用it is no wonder
that…结构。并用for, as,
so等副词引导状语从句分析原因，使行文有所变化。
§
第三段总结图表规律，as is shown in this
chart，并用the more…, the
more…句型。
§
用词点评
§
第一段中多处用到“占…百分比”的表达，灵活使用了account for, make
up等短语，并用while形成各部分的对比。
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第二段中表示因果关系的表达，for, as,
so等，也避免了重复。
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第三段中用到了the more…, the
more…句型，总结规律。
图表作文开头替换句
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① As is shown in the chart, …
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② According to the figures given in the
table,…
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③ This diagram represents the trend
towards…
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④ The figures in the table show
that…
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⑤ As the line graph depicts,…
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⑥ The table indicates that…
§
⑦ The pie chart shows that…
§
⑧ From the chart we can see
that…
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⑨ As is found from the diagram,
…
§
⑩ As can be seen from the bar
chart,…
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主体替换句
§
① Many reasons contribute to the
phenomenon.
§
② There are naturally factors to indicate
the change.
§
③ The main reason lies in the rise of…
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④ The hours spent on … are increasing
sharply.
§
⑤ When talking about the functions, …
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⑥ There are two factors to account for
(说明) this
phenomenon.
§
⑦ There is a dramatic rise in …
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⑧ The hours students spend on … went
dramatically up.
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⑨ The number of people who … is soaring
year by year.
§
⑩ When it comes to prices of ..., they are
much lower with the advancement of science and increase of
production.
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结尾替换句
① However, there are several problems in …
② In brief, students can benefit from… if they…
③ From the above analysis, we can conclude that students are spending more hours on…
④ Generally speaking, these changes fully reflect the rising living standards.
⑤ In short, the obvious increase certifies that students tend to spend more hours on …
⑥ In general, … is becoming a “must” among students.
⑦ Only in the proper way can students benefit from …
⑧ In my mind, only when students realize the proper control of time, will they make full use of …
⑨ All in all, in modern society … are playing an essential roles.
⑩ As far as I am concerned, … should be widely used in our modern society.
图表作文模板
§
As
can be seen from the bar chart, …
（导入图表）.
§
There
are naturally several factors to depict the
change.
（分析原因）.
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题目：Traveling Abroad
(2006年6月六级)
§
1.
近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游
§
2.
出现这种现象的原因
§
3.
这种现象可能产生的影响
§
§
As
seen in the bar chart, more and more people in City X have traveled
abroad in the last decade. The number of people was about 20,000 in
1995 and 40,000 in 2000 respectively. However, in 2005 the number
went rapidly up to 120,000.
§
Why
do people like traveling abroad? There are mainly three reasons to
explain it. First of all, with the development of our country,
people’s income has risen dramatically year by year. Secondly, with
more introduction of foreign cultures and customs, people are
longing for touching the life there, tasting exotic foods and
walking on exotic lands. Thirdly, more people even love purchasing
abroad, coming back with so many exotic products. In short, people
travel abroad with different purposes.
§
As
to the influences created by this phenomenon, two points can be
mentioned. On one hand, traveling overseas may furnish people with
chances to communicate with foreign people. On the other hand, it
will accelerate the economic development and stimulate consumption
in the world. In a word, the advantages of traveling abroad weigh
its disadvantages.
§
结构点评
§
该范文是一篇图表作文，对图表中提供的数据进行对比、分析，同时对现象所产生的原因给与解释。最后，概括现象所带来的影响。
§
第一段中用As seen in the bar
chart,…
开头，这是另一种导入图表的常见用法。 The number of people was about 20,000 in 1995 and 40,000 in
2000 respectively. However, in 2005 the number went rapidly up to
120,00（分别列明图表中提供的数据）。
§
第二段中以Why do people like traveling
abroad?开头，先以疑问句的形式提出问题，便于随后说明现象，分析原因。紧接着以First of all,…
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第三段中以As to the influences created by this
phenomenon, …开头引出现象所带来的影响。On one hand,
…
说明了影响的一个方面。On the other hand,…
说明了影响的另一个方面。 In a word,…
总结概括全文。
§
用词点评
§
第一段中的in the last decade
表示从1995年到2005年这10年的变化。Respectively
（分别地）。
§
第二段中are rising
dramatically（…在迅速上升）, are longing for
(正盼望…),
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第三段overseas
（海外的）, furnish people with
chances（给人们提供机会）,
§
As
seen in the bar chart, （导入图表）.
§
Why
do people like …?
（疑问句提出问题）
§
As
to the influences created by this phenomenon,
(涉及到现象带来的影响). On
the other hand,
图表作文常用句型
表示总体描述：
1. As is clearly shown in the bar chart,…
2. According to the figures given in the table,…
3. The table shows that…
4. As we can see from the pie chart,…
5. The figures in the graph reflect that…
6. Just as the pie chart tells us,…
7. The numbers in the chart reveal that…
8. The diagram represents the trend towards…
9. As the graph depicts,…
10. As found from the pictures,…
11. The table indicates that…
表示数量增加
1. The figures have increased /risen rapidly to…
2. The number of…
3. There was a dramatic/ rapid/ sharp/ drastic rise in the number of people…
4. There has been a marked/ gradual/ slight/ slow increase in…
表示数量减少
1.The figures have reduced suddenly
from… to…
2.The number of… declined/ fell/ dropped steadily.
3.The number tends to go down/ fall.
4.There was a rapid/ sharp/ sudden/ gradual/ slow fall/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ reduction in …
表示倍数、比例关系、比较级
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Double,
triple,
§
increase by/ to 6
times
（增加了5倍、增加到6倍）,
§
reduce by/ to
4/5（减少了4/5、减至4/5）,
§
cut by 1/3
(减少了1/3);
§
3 times as large as…
§
larger than…
§
twice as large as…
§
The largest percentage/
proportion of …is 30%.
§
The number of… makes up/ takes
up/ accounts for 60% of the total.
§
Compared with…, it dropped from … to…
表示罗列
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Nowadays,
§
firstly, secondly, thirdly, first of
all,
§
in addition, moreover, furthermore,
besides,
§
to start with, to begin
with,
§
on the one hand,… on the other hand,…
§
first, second, third,
next,
§
in the first place, in the second place, in the third
place, …
表示举例
§
For example,
§
for instance,
§
a good case in point, …
表示个人观点
§
In my mind,
§
in my opinion,
§
as far as I am
concerned,
§
from my point of
view,
§
as for me, …
表示因果关系
§
(介词短语)
§
Owing to…
§
due to…
§
because of…
§
as a result of…
§
on account of…
§
（连词）
§
because, since, as,
so,
§
过渡词
§
therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence,…
表示结论
§
In brief,
§
in short,
§
in general,
§
all in all,
§
generally
speaking,
§
in plain terms,
§
in a word,
§
on the whole,
§
to sum up, =to wind up, =to run
up,
§
in summary, …
表示转折和其他
§
however,
§
nevertheless,
§
anyway,
§
normally,
§
generally,
§
doubtlessly,
§
without doubt,…
Thank You!
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