美国体育场走向绿色,费城老鹰队一马当先

分类: 文化和教育 |
作为一支职业橄榄球队,费城老鹰队(Philadelphia Eagles)自2003年以来始终要求其主球场“林肯金融体育场”(Lincoln Financial Field)所消耗的能源不会对环境造成危害。
如今,该体育场使用的电力100%来自可再生能源,并且所有的一切用品都可以回收,甚至刀叉都以玉米为原料的塑料制造,使用后可以回收。
老鹰环保 (Eagles GoGreen!)组织发言人诺曼·法舍特(Norman Vossschulte)说,绿色环保“现在已成为我们工作人员DNA的一部分”。
法舍特表示,球队的体育场每年需要大约10兆瓦电力,其中4兆瓦由体育场自身提供。其余均来自绿色能源,大部分为风能。
通过使用节能LED灯,同时为供热和空调系统装上计时器,耗电量自2004年以来已减少了一半。
2013年,老鹰队的努力得到了回报:该体育场被授予“绿色建筑认证”(LEED certification),获得美国绿色商业理事会(Green Business Council) 的绿色建筑批准印章。LEED一词代表 “能源与环境设计先导”(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design,LEED) 。该体育场获得银级认证(白金为最高等级;详情参见右侧注解)。
什么是LEED?
获得“绿色认证” 的建筑需按高环保标准建造。该方案采用计分法。积分越多,认证级别越高:
- 铂金:80+分
- 黄金:60-79分
- 银色:50-59分
- 通过认证:40-49分
费城老鹰队一马当先,同时还有其他几支球队走在绿化美国职业体育场馆的前列:
萨克拉门托国王篮球队(Sacramento Kings Basketball)
https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/AP_16117781889621.jpg(© AP Images)位于加利福尼亚州(California)萨克拉门托市(Sacramento, California)的黄金一号中心(Golden 1 Center)预定2016年秋天正式启用,将成为北美洲第一个100%使用太阳能的体育场馆。这个体育场采用自然冷却设计,可减少能源的使用,因此获得LEED金级认证。
华盛顿国民职业棒球队(Washington Nationals Baseball)
https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/AP_304900605624-cropped-copy.jpg(© AP Images)华盛顿哥伦比亚特区(Washington DC)的国民公园(Nationals Park)于2008年正式启用,是全国第一个获得LEED认证的大型体育设施,因此重新书写了历史。该建筑使用的钢材含有95%的回收成分,另有一个585平方米的绿色屋顶 。
旧金山巨人棒球队(San Francisco Giants Baseball)
https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/shutterstock_311857058.jpg(© AP Images)AT&T公园于2000年完工,是第一个安装太阳能电池板并获得LEED银级认证的职业棒球大联盟(Major League Baseball)球场。2015年,该体育场又荣获LEED金级认证。太阳能电池板可为旧金山(San Francisco)地区5,200个家庭提供足够的电力。
西雅图海鹰橄榄球队(Seattle Seahawks Football)和海湾者足球队(Sounders Soccer)
https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/AP_624357862469.jpg(© AP Images)建造世纪互联体育场(CenturyLink)使用的水泥材料大约有35%来自2002年在原址被拆迁的原国王体育场(Kingdome Stadium)。近100%的废弃物得以重新使用。2014年,有1,900万升生物柴油都是从回收的食用油中生产的。
纽约巨人队和喷气机橄榄球队(New York Giants and Jets Football)
https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AP_532588603705.jpg(© AP Images)新泽西州(New Jersey)东卢瑟福市(East Rutherford, New Jersey)的大都会人寿体育场(MetLife Stadium) 于2010年建造,面积两倍于原址的老球场。通过提高能源效率的做法,该体育场将能源使用减少了30%。2012年,大都会人寿体育场安装了近1,350块太阳能电池板。
匹兹堡企鹅曲棍球队(Pittsburgh Penguins Hockey)
https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/AP_234888554019.jpg(© AP Images)康寿能源中心(Consol Energy Center)是北美洲第一个被授予LEED金牌认证的全国冰球联盟球场(National Hockey League Arena)。2010年,建筑公司施工时使用再生材料,并重新利用垃圾填埋场的废料。
所有这些球队都是绿色体育联盟(Green Sports Alliance) 的成员,该联盟拥有377个专业和大学运动队,并为20个来自不同体育联赛以及14个国家提供场地。
U.S. sports arenas go green, with the Philadelphia Eagles leading the charge
The Philadelphia Eagles, a professional football team, has been working since 2003 to make sure that energy consumed at its stadium, Lincoln Financial Field, does not harm the environment.
Today, 100 percent of the stadium’s electricity comes from renewable energy sources. And everything is recycled — even the forks and knives are made from corn-based plastics and recyclable.
Being green “is part of our staff’s DNA now,”
said
It takes about 10 megawatts to power the team’s stadium for a
year, and the stadium produces 4 megawatts of its own
energy.
Electricity consumption has been cut in half since 2004 by using energy-saving LED lights and putting heat and air conditioning systems on timers.
In 2013, the Eagles’ green efforts were rewarded when the stadium earned “LEED certification,” the U.S. Green Business Council’s seal of approval for green buildings. The term stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). The stadium earned Silver certification (Platinum is the highest; see sidebar).
What is
LEED?
A building that is “LEED-certified” means it was built meeting high
environmental standards. The program uses a point system. The more
points, the higher the level of certification:
– Platinum: 80+ points
– Gold: 60-79 points
– Silver: 50-59 points
– Certified: 40-49 points
The Philadelphia Eagles led the way, but here are a few
other
1. Sacramento Kings Basketball
The Golden 1 Center in
Sacramento, California, will be the first sports venue in North
America to be powered 100 percent by solar energy when it opens in
fall 2016. Its design uses natural cooling to reduce energy use,
helping it to earn LEED
Gold
2. Washington Nationals Baseball
When Nationals Park opened in Washington in 2008, it made history by becoming the nation’s first major sports facility to achieve LEED certification. Steel with 95 percent recycled content was used in its construction. And it has a green roof — 585 square meters of it.
3. San Francisco Giants Baseball
Completed in 2000, AT&T Park was the first Major League Baseball stadium to install solar panels and to receive LEED Silver certification. It achieved LEED Gold status in 2015. The solar panels provide enough power to supply 5,200 homes across San Francisco.
4. Seattle Seahawks Football and Sounders Soccer
Some 35 percent of the concrete used to construct the CenturyLink came from the stadium it replaced in 2002: the demolished Kingdome Stadium. Nearly 100 percent of waste is diverted, and 19 million liters of biodiesel fuel were produced in 2014 from recycled cooking oil.
5. New York Giants and Jets Football
MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, is more than twice as large as the old stadium that it replaced in 2010, but it has reduced energy use by 30 percent through energy-efficient practices. In 2012 some 1,350 solar panels were installed.
6. Pittsburgh Penguins Hockey
The Consol Center was the first
National Hockey League arena awarded LEED Gold certification in
North America. Builders used recycled materials in its construction
in 2010 and diverted waste from landfills.
All of these teams are part of the Green Sports Alliance, which has a membership of 377 professional and university sports teams and venues from 20 different sports leagues and 14 countries.