加载中…非洲科学家和美国经济学家获2016年世界粮食奖
(2016-06-30 08:10:30) | 分类： 科学与技术 |
两名非洲植物学家和两名美国经济学家共同获得2016年世界粮食奖（World Food Prize）。他们通过协同努力，帮助非洲人转向食用维他命A丰富的橙甜薯（orange sweet potatoes），并将其他营养强化作物推广到30个国家的农民和消费者当中，从而帮助减少饥饿人口。
享有诺贝尔农业奖（Nobel Prize for agriculture）之称的金额25万美元的世界粮食奖建立于1986年。今年的颁奖仪式于6月28日在美国国务院举行。
获奖人中有三位隶属秘鲁利马（Lima）的国际马铃薯中心（International Potato Center），他们是分别在莫桑比克和乌干达从事研究的植物学家玛丽亚·安德拉德（Maria Andrade）和罗伯特·姆旺加（Robert Mwanga），以及该中心非洲地区负责人经济学家简·洛（Jan Low）。
国际马铃薯中心的成果打破了那种认为只有靠营养药片才能在贫困人口中消除维生素和矿物质缺乏症的观念。
2016年世界粮食奖的第四位获奖人豪沃斯·布伊（Howarth Bouis）是作物营养强化组织HarvestPlus的创始人。这个组织积极推广生物强化技术，即通过新型育种方式加强多种主要作物中的营养成分。
分别来自佛德角和乌干达的安德拉德和姆旺加是植物育种资深专家。洛所安排和组织的大规模努力说服了10个非洲国家中的近200万户人家种植、购买和食用橙甜薯。
从2003年至2010年，他们与布伊和HarvestPlus组织合作进行马铃薯项目。布伊及其HarvestPlus组织沿着已故“绿色革命”（”Green Revolution”）之父诺曼·博洛格（Norman Borlaug）的足迹，已向非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲国家引进了含强化铁-锌元素的大豆、水稻、小麦和珍珠稗。
布伊表示，目前还在进行更多努力，说服非洲农民种植深橙色颗粒而不是白色颗粒的玉米。
艾奥瓦州得梅因（Des Moines）的世界粮食奖基金会（World Food Prize Foundation）主席、美国原驻柬埔寨大使肯尼斯·奎因(Kenneth M. Quinn )宣布了获奖人名单，美国国际发展署（USAID ）署长盖尔·史密斯（ Gayle Smith）在主题讲话中向获奖人致意。
奎因指出，由于这几位获奖人的工作，今天世界上有1000多万人吃上了营养更充足的食物，“而且在未来几十年中……有肯能让数亿更多人”做到这点。
African scientists, U.S. economists share 2016 World Food Prize
Two African plant scientists and two U.S. economists share the 2016 World Food Prize. Together, they have alleviated hunger by helping convince Africans to eat Vitamin A-rich orange sweet potatoes and by bringing other fortified crops to farmers and consumers in 30 countries.
The $250,000 award, created in 1986 and often called the Nobel
Prize for agriculture, was presented in a ceremony June
28
Three of the laureates are affiliated with the International Potato Center in Lima, Peru: plant scientists Maria Andrade and Robert Mwanga, based in Mozambique and Uganda, and economist Jan Low, the center’s regional leader for Africa.
The International Potato Center bucked the prevailing view that the best way to treat vitamin and mineral deficiencies was to give poor people capsule supplements.
The fourth 2016 laureate is Howarth Bouis, founder of HarvestPlus, which champions biofortification, an innovative breeding process to make a range of staple crops more nutritious.
Andrade, a Cape Verdean, and Mwanga, a Ugandan, are veteran
researchers in plant breeding. Low arranged studies and organized a
campaign that convinced almost 2
They worked with Bouis and HarvestPlus on the potato project from 2003 to 2010. Bouis and his HarvestPlus organization, following in the footsteps of the late Norman Borlaug, the father of the “Green Revolution,” have brought iron-and-zinc-fortified beans, rice, wheat and pearl millet to countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The campaign is currently trying to convince African farmers to grow maize (corn) with deep orange kernels instead of white, Bouis said.
Kenneth M. Quinn, president of the World Food Prize Foundation in Des Moines, Iowa, and a former U.S. ambassador to Cambodia, announced the winners, who were saluted in a keynote address by USAID Administrator Gayle Smith.
Thanks to the laureates’ work, Quinn said, more than 10 million people today eat more nutritious food, “with a potential of several hundred million more … in the coming decades.”
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