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你呼吸的空气安全吗?

(2016-05-09 12:07:36)

内容来源:分享美国 地址链接: http://go.usa.gov/cupTT  

你知不知道你呼吸的空气是否清洁?如果无法获得空气质量数据,通常你不会知道。

但是,一个前所未有的项目正在把空气质量的专业技术带到世界各地的美国使领馆,公民科学家们正在让这类重要的健康数据唾手可得。

这些空气质量测量数据每周七天、每天24小时随时可得,它可以帮助确定附近社区患哮喘的儿童在什么时间去户外玩耍比较安全,帮助老年夫妇找到最健康的散步时间。

https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AP_922183839454.jpg一月份,在印度新德里(New Delhi, India)进行的一个让汽车隔天上路的为期两周的实验期间的街道景象。 (© AP Images)
 

直到最近,在许多国家还无法获取高质量的实时数据。但是,自从美国环境保护署(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)在2015年与国务院(State Department)携手合作以来,13个美国大使馆和领事馆已经开始在AirNow平台上实时报告数据。到2016年秋季,预计还将在另外11个地点也这样做。美国驻北京大使馆于2008年首次推出空气质量监测,并随后推广到秘鲁,科索沃,孟加拉国,印度尼西亚,越南,蒙古,印度和其他国家。

此外,2016年美国专家将设立第一届使馆空气质量研究员。他们将“认领一个使馆”,培训员工并与有兴趣的所在国政府分享信息。

https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AP_450394443758-1024x683.jpg2015年12月12日,在北京严重雾霾比较缓解后的一天,李梦南(Li Mengnan音译)在户外玩耍。 (© AP Images)
 

传播在中国收集到的数据帮助带来了对污染和健康之间的关系的更广泛的认识。环保署署长吉娜·麦卡锡(Gina McCarthy)说,她在访问北京时,看到人们在自己的手机上查最新的空气数据。她说:“信息和透明度使我们能够减少与空气污染相关的健康风险。”

由于国务院的空气质量数据是公开的,人们在用它制作应用程序,从事研究,并且引发了关于空气污染的对话。这项数据使城市更智能化,更健康。

国务卿约翰·克里(John Kerry)指出,美国在此领域已经积累了很多经验,自从上世纪70年代通过了《清洁空气法》(Clean Air Act)以来,已经将空气污染减少了近70%。他说:“我们希望与世界其他国家分享我们取得的经验。”

https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AP_941087748918.jpg位于佐治亚州朱丽叶特(Juliette,Georgia)的发电厂 (© AP Images)
 

包含使馆空气质量监测方案和相关的研究员项目的绿化外交行动(Greening Diplomacy Initiative)成员海伦娜·马特萨(Helaina Matza) ,看到令人振奋的新的可能性。

她说:“这一数据激发了人们的设想和合作关系,而这不仅将提升美国,也将提升国际社会对空气污染的科学认识。”

请来更多了解这个项目,并向@StateGDI发推文提出你的设想或展示你正在如何使用空气质量数据。欢迎在5月6日前,在推特上用#AQAW标签庆祝空气质量宣传周(Air Quality Awareness Week)。  


Is your air safe to breathe?


Do you know if you’re breathing clean air? Often you don’t, without access to air-quality data.

But a first-of-its-kind program is bringing air-quality expertise to U.S. embassies and consulates around the world, and citizen scientists are putting this important health data at everyone’s fingertips.

Available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, the air-quality measurements can help an asthmatic kid in the nearby community decide safe times to play outdoors or an elderly couple find the healthiest times to take a walk.

https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AP_922183839454.jpgVehicles travel the streets of New Delhi, India, in January during a two-week experiment that allowed drivers on the road every other day. (© AP Images)

Until recently, in many countries, high-quality, real-time data has not been available. But since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency teamed up with the State Department in 2015, 13 U.S. embassies and consulates are reporting data live on the AirNow platform. Eleven additional locations are expected to do so by fall 2016. The U.S. Embassy in Beijing launched the first air-quality monitoring effort in 2008, and it was followed by efforts in Peru, Kosovo, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, Mongolia, India and other countries.

What’s more, in 2016 U.S. experts will form an inaugural class of embassy air-quality fellows. They will “adopt an embassy” to train staff and share information with interested host governments.

https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AP_450394443758-1024x683.jpgLi Mengnan plays outdoors during a day of lighter pollution after heavy smog in Beijing on December 12, 2015. (© AP Images)

Distribution of data collected in China has helped spark a wider understanding of the connection between pollution and health. EPA administrator Gina McCarthy says that when she visits Beijing, she sees people checking their phones for the latest updates. “Information and transparency empowers us to reduce health risks associated with air pollution,” she says.

Because the State Department air-quality data is publicly available, developers have used it to make apps, conduct research and spark conversations about air pollution. This data is making cities smarter and healthier.

Secretary of State John Kerry notes that the United States has developed a lot of experience with the subject, reducing air pollution by nearly 70 percent since the Clean Air Act was passed in the 1970s. “We want to share what we have learned with other countries in the world,” he says.

https://share.america.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AP_941087748918.jpg  A power plant operates in Juliette, Georgia. (© AP Images)

Helaina Matza of the Greening Diplomacy Initiative — which encompasses embassy air-quality monitoring program and the associated fellowship — sees exciting new possibilities.

“Already, this data has sparked ideas and partnerships that will not only enhance the United States’ scientific understanding of air pollution, but also the global community’s,” she says.

Learn more about the program and send your ideas or show how you are using air quality data by tweeting to @StateGDI. Celebrate Air Quality Awareness Week until May 6 on Twitter with #AQAW




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