加载中…汲取卡特里娜飓风教训，新奥尔良为应对气候变化作准备[含视频]
(2015-08-27 15:16:49)
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新奥尔良 |
在2005年8月“卡特里娜”飓风(Hurricane Katrina)袭击了新奥尔良(New Orleans)后，逃离这座城市的数十万人也许可被称为美国的首次气候难民潮。全世界有一半人口居住在沿海或靠近沿海的地区，因此10年前给绰号“逍遥城”(“the Big Easy”)的新奥尔良造成重创的那种
新奥尔良与世界上许多最易受威胁的城市面临着同样的挑战。新奥尔良市的很大一部分低于海平面，并且已经造受过太多次特大洪水的蹂躏。随着新奥尔良逐渐走出“卡特里娜”的阴影，它正在以安全、可持续和经济实惠的方式进行重建。
“卡特里娜”飓风所带来的风暴潮超出了该城市当时防洪堤的承受能力。新奥尔良的80％被洪水淹没，灾难造成1800多人死亡，损失高达$750亿美元，并使10万多人无家可归。
城市规划人员知道，下一次特大洪水的到来只是迟早的事情。如今他们未雨绸缪，着眼于从更多方面做好准备：
- 将处于低洼地区的住家迁至地势较高的地区。
- 将一些闲置土地改造为可用作自然防洪系统的公园和城市农场，同时也为社区提供了休闲区和地方食材。
- 恢复沿海湿地，使其成为一个风暴潮的缓冲地带以缓解洪水压力。
- 在城市前方建造一个巨型风暴潮屏障，并对水坝和防洪堤进行加固。.
- 将洪水分流使其远离居民区。
- 将洪水分流使其远离居民区。
With Katrina lessons learned,
New Orleans
New Orleans shares the challenges of many of the world’s most
vulnerable cities.
The storm surge from Katrina was more than the city’s levees could handle. More than 80 percent of New Orleans was flooded. The storm killed more than 1,800 people, did $75 billion worth of damage, and left more than 100,000 people homeless.
City planners know another major flood event is coming. Here are some more ways they are preparing for it:
- Relocating homes in low-lying areas to higher ground.
- Converting unused lands into parks and urban farms that create natural flood-control systems while also providing the community with recreation areas and local food sources.
- Reviving coastal
wetlands, which
act as a buffer against storm surges and absorb flooding. - Developing a huge
storm-surge barrier in front of the city,
as well as renewing dikes and levees. - Diverting flood waters away from populated areas.
- Improving storm
tracking and warning systems, and implementing better emergency
response and recovery plans.
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