分类: 美国人物 |
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黑人女性在整个美国历史上对美国的创新文化作出了贡献。回顾美国200年来授予专利的历史,会发现很多成功的黑人女性的故事,她们改变了美国的科技面貌。
弗吉尼亚州阿米利亚县(Amelia County, Virginia)的玛莎·琼斯(Martha Jones)可能是第一位被授予美国专利的黑人女性。她申请的“玉米去壳机,脱粒机的改良”于1868年获得美国专利,专利号77,494。琼斯称她的发明可以在一次操作中完成去壳、脱粒、切碎以及将玉米和玉米外壳分离,代表着农业加工自动化向前迈进的一大步。
现代黑人女性继续在多个科技领域做出重大创新。帕特里夏·巴思(Patricia E. Bath)博士(上图)便是一个这样的发明家,她发明了一种被广泛应用的消除白内障的方法和设备(美国专利号4,744,360)。她的发明用激光以一种侵入性较小的方式消除眼睛中的白内障;该专利已帮助全世界数百万患者恢复或改善了视力,使之成为眼科学领域最重要的发展之一。
关于黑人女性发明家的更多内容见美国专利和商标局(US Patent and Trademark Office)网站。
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/chinese/inbrief/2014/02/20140220293683.html#ixzz2uJ9Y45o6
Black Women Inventors: Contributing to U.S. Culture of Innovation
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Black women throughout American history have contributed to the U.S. culture of innovation. A look into the history of patents granted in the United States over the past 200 years reveals many stories of successful black women who have changed the technological face of America.
Martha Jones of Amelia County, Virginia, might have been the first black woman to receive a United States patent. Her application for an “Improvement to the Corn Husker, Sheller” was granted U.S. patent Number 77,494 in 1868. Jones claimed her invention could husk, shell, cut up and separate husks from corn in one operation, representing a significant step forward in the automation of agricultural processes.
Modern black women continue to make significant innovations in a variety of technological fields. One such inventor is Dr. Patricia E. Bath, shown above, who invented a widely used method of removing cataracts and an apparatus for doing so (U.S. patent Number 4,744,360). Her invention, which uses lasers to remove cataracts from the eye in a less invasive way, has helped restore or improve vision for millions of patients worldwide, making it one of the most important developments in the field of ophthalmology.
Read more about black women inventors on the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office website.
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/inbrief/2014/02/20140211292655.html#ixzz2uJ9ZKRN9