移民改革是美国经济的当务之急

标签:
杂谈 |
分类: 政治与经济 |
Merle David Kellerhals Jr. | Staff Writer | 2013.03.25
白宫首席经济顾问艾伦•克鲁格(Alan Krueger)说,欧巴马总统要求进行符合常理的移民改革,以此作为振兴美国经济的一个途径。
华盛顿—白宫首席经济顾问艾伦•克鲁格(Alan Krueger)说,欧巴马总统正在呼吁建立一个明智、高效和公平的移民体制,因为这对于他促进经济创新和企业发展的目标至关重要。
艾伦•克鲁格(Alan Krueger)于3月20日在为美国拉美裔商会(U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce)准备的发言稿中说,美国善于吸收移民并因移民获益,没有一个国家比美国做得更好。移民被视为振兴劳动大军和工商业的动力。
克鲁格对拉美裔企业高管们说:“符合常理的移民改革将有效地利用移民们的创造力和能量,他们希望在美国开办工商企业并在这个过程中增强我们的经济。”
他接着说:“这包括作为美国公民或永久居民的家人来美的移民,或者是躲避迫害的难民,或者在美国大专院校就读的学生。”
克鲁格说,移民开办工商企业的比例高于本地出生的公民,这一点也是实际情况。他指出,美国《财富》(Fortune)杂志评选的500强公司中有40%由移民及其子女创办。
这位普林斯顿大学的经济学家说:“移民壮大了劳动力队伍并为我们的经济增加了产能。”
根据美国国土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)估计,目前在美国居住和就业的没有合法身份的移民有1,150万,其中约130万人的年龄在18岁以下。总统和国会正在努力制定移民改革立法,解决目前困扰联邦政府、各州政府和全国各社区的许多问题。克鲁格说,改革的关键是融合各类举措,既要加强边境安全又能为没有合法身份的移民获得公民资格提供一个途径。
与此同时,据美联社消息和其他新闻报道,有一批民主党和共和党参议员正在就一项全面的移民改革法案接近达成共识,其中包括为没有合法身份的移民提供在13年内成为正式公民的途径,无需回到母国。但是,任何最终的立法均须获得参议院和众议院的通过,才能由总统签字成为法律。
此外,移民立法将为边境安全建立新的标准,允许更多具有高技能和低技能的工人进入美国,加强对企业的各种标准,要求各企业确认所录用的工人是合法在美国居住的。据新闻报道,这批参议员,即所谓的8人帮,计划在4月份提交法案供参议院讨论。
来自亚利桑那州的共和党联邦参议员约翰•麦凯恩(John McCain)在3月18日这一个星期对新闻记者说:“我们的确正在设法解决一系列棘手的问题,但我们正在取得进展。”
克鲁格说,符合常理的移民改革将对美国经济产生连锁效应。这意味企业的扩大与发展,创造更多的就业机会并为企业吸引更多的客户。
他指出,移民工人也会提高其他美国工人的生产力和收入。留住在美国完成高等教育的移民人才有助于启动对经济的连锁效应。
据全美大专院校的统计,在美国全部被录用的大学毕业生中,移民占14%,但他们在数学、计算机科学和工程学的博士生中占一半以上。
克鲁格说:“我们如果允许他们携家人来美,就能鼓励更多这样的移民来美国。移民改革有助于移民家人团聚,以人道的方式让他们及时和家人团聚。”
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/chinese/article/2013/03/20130325144800.html#ixzz2OiINFRqi
Immigration Reform Is Economic Imperative for U.S.
By Merle David Kellerhals Jr. | Staff Writer | 22 March 2013
White House chief economic adviser Alan Krueger says that President Obama seeks common-sense immigration reform as part of bolstering the U.S. economy.
Washington — President Obama is calling for an immigration system that is smart, efficient and fair because it is central to his goal of promoting economic innovation and business development, says chief White House economic adviser Alan Krueger.
No country does a better job integrating and benefiting from immigrants than the United States, and immigration is seen as rejuvenating the workforce and business, Krueger said in prepared remarks before the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in Washington March 20.
“Common-sense immigration reform will harness the creativity and the energy of immigrants who want to start a business in America and strengthen our economy in the process,” Krueger told the Hispanic business executives.
“This includes immigrants who come to our country as family members of U.S. citizens or permanent residents, or as refugees fleeing persecution, or as students attending our colleges and universities,” he added.
Krueger said it is also true that immigrants start businesses at a higher rate than do native-born citizens. He noted that 40 percent of the Fortune magazine ranking of the top 500 companies in the United States was founded by immigrants and their children.
“Immigrants add to the labor force and increase the productive capacity of the economy,” said the Princeton University economist.
Currently the U.S. Department of Homeland Security estimates that there are 11.5 million undocumented immigrants living and working in the United States, and approximately 1.3 million are under the age of 18. Both the president and the Congress are working to develop immigration reform legislation that will eliminate many of the issues currently troubling federal and state governments and communities across the nation. Reform hinges on a blending of initiatives that enhance border security and provide an avenue for undocumented immigrants to gain citizenship, Krueger said.
Meanwhile, a group of Democratic and Republican U.S. senators are nearing agreement on a comprehensive immigration reform bill that would include putting undocumented immigrants on a 13-year path to full U.S. citizenship without having to return to their home countries, according to the Associated Press and news reports. But any final legislation would have to win passage in both the Senate and the House of Representatives before going to the president for his signature to become law.
In addition, the legislation would create new criteria for border security, permit more high- and low-skill workers into the country and toughen standards for businesses, which must verify that their workers are in the country legally. The senators — known as the Gang of Eight — plan to introduce the legislation for Senate consideration in April, according to news reports.
“We are grappling with a number of issues, we really are, but I think we are making progress,” Senator John McCain, an Arizona Republican, told reporters the week of March 18. “Some of these issues are very complicated.”
Krueger said common-sense immigration reform creates a cascading effect on the U.S. economy, meaning more business expansion and development, which generates more jobs, and more customers for businesses.
Immigrant workers also enhance productivity and incomes for other American workers, he noted. Retaining talented immigrants once they complete their higher education in the United States helps to set up the cascading impact on the economy.
According to the nation’s colleges and universities, immigrants make up 14 percent of all employed college graduates in the United States, but they account for more than half of all doctorates in mathematics, computer science and engineering occupations.
“We can encourage more of these and other immigrants to come here if we allow them to bring their families,” Krueger said. “Immigration reform would keep immigrant families together, allowing them to be united in a timely and humane manner.”
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/03/20130322144674.html#ixzz2OiIQ856E