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美国与10个国家合作打击非法捕捞活动

(2013-01-18 15:07:05)
标签:

杂谈

分类: 环境与能源
2013.01.16
http://photos.state.gov/libraries/america/3239/Week_3/01114013_agent_jamescassin_300.jpg

2008年,国家海洋和大气管理局的一位工作人员在对莫桑比克马普图(Maputo, Mozambique)的一艘渔船进行录像清查。在截扣船只后进行录像清查,可以排除责任索赔并收集所有潜在证据。

 

华盛顿——美国正与10个国家的官员合作,应对2011年或2012年的非法、不报告、不管制(IUU)的捕捞活动,并解决2012年防止意外捕捞受保护物种措施不力的问题。

美国商务部(US Department of Commerce)所属的国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)说,非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞活动破坏了以可持续方式管理、重建渔业的国际努力,而且给遵守严格的保护措施的渔民造成了一种不公平的市场竞争。国家海洋和大气管理局说,非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞活动会极大破坏鱼类种群及其繁殖的海洋栖息地、威胁粮食安全和经济稳定。管理局还说,据独立专家估计,世界范围内的合法捕捞作业因非法捕捞活动而蒙受的经济损失每年介于100亿至230亿美元之间。

根据国会的要求,国家海洋和大气管理局在1月11日提交了一份报告,列出了这10个国家。

美国将很快与哥伦比亚(Colombia)、厄瓜多尔(Ecuador)、加纳(Ghana)、意大利(Italy)、墨西哥(Mexico)、巴拿马(Panama)、韩国(South Korea)、西班牙(Spain)、坦桑尼亚(Tanzania)和委内瑞拉(Venezuela)展开磋商,敦促这些国家采取措施应对其渔民进行的非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞活动及混获问题。

报告中列出的国家均有船只在2011年或2012年没有遵守区域性渔业管理组织(美国是该组织的成员)所要求采取的保护和管理措施。墨西哥还被认定没有有效解决北太平洋赤蠵龟(loggerhead sea turtles)的混获问题,这种海龟通过夏威夷水域在日本和墨西哥之间洄游。根据美国《濒危物种法》(Endangered Species Act),这种海龟属于濒危物种。

国家海洋和大气管理局主管渔业处(Fisheries Service)的副助理局长萨姆·劳赫(Sam Rauch)说:“作为世界上最大的海产品进口国之一,美国承担着全球性责任及经济义务,必须确保我们进口的鱼类是以可持续、合法的方式捕捞的。我们期待着与这些国家合作,敦促他们遵守规定,而且我们将继续与我们的合作伙伴共同查明并打击非法活动。”

国家海洋和大气管理局说,在上一次向国会提交的2011年报告中列出的所有六个国家(哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、意大利、巴拿马、葡萄牙和委内瑞拉)都采取了制裁有关船只、通过或修改法律法规或加强监查和执法等强有力的行动解决了有关问题。这些国家在2011年的有关活动现已得到合格认证。但管理局同时指出,一个国家自上一次报告以来所采取的行动即使通过了认证,仍会因新发现的问题而被再次列入从事非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞活动的名单,这份报告就反映了这种情况。

如果一个国家未能采取适当的行动来处理报告中所述的非法捕鱼或混获问题,该国的渔船可能会被禁止进入美国港口,而且美国将禁止从该国进口特定的鱼类或鱼产品。就进口的海产品数量而言,美国仅次于中国,排名第二。国家海洋和大气管理局的最新数据表明,美国在2011年消费的20亿公斤海产品中有91%是进口的。

国家海洋和大气管理局2012年的报告是根据经《马格努森-史蒂文斯渔业保护和管理重新授权法》(Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act)及《鲨鱼保护法》(Shark Conservation Act)修订的《禁止公海流网捕鱼保护法》(High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium Protection Act)的规定而作出的。

国家海洋和大气管理局渔业处的国际事务办公室(Office of International Affairs)起草了这份报告,该办公室与报告中列出的国家合作解决非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞问题。另外,国家海洋和大气管理局的执法办公室(Office of Law Enforcement)与外国执法及渔业官员们共同调查非法贩运、非法进口和非法、不报告、不管制的捕鱼活动,而且该办公室定期和美国海关与边境保护局(U.S. Customs and Border Protection)及美国海岸警卫队(U.S. Coast Guard)进行合作。国家海洋和大气管理局执法办公室还同海岸警卫队一起确保悬挂美国旗帜的船只遵守法律。

国家海洋和大气管理局的使命是了解和预测地球环境的变化,以及保护和管理沿海和海洋资源。该局在1月11日发布了执行《鲨鱼保护法》中的国际条款的最终条例。这些条例具体说明了对有船只在公海捕捞鲨鱼的国家予以认定和鉴定的程序,还修订了对非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞活动的界定,以帮助确保为解决美国最关注的不可持续的捕鱼活动提供全面的方案。

2012年非法、不报告、不管制的捕捞活动报告(PDF, 1.4MB)载于国家海洋和大气管理局网站。

 

U.S. Partners with 10 Nations to Combat Illegal Fishing

15 January 2013
http://photos.state.gov/libraries/america/3239/Week_3/01114013_agent_jamescassin_300.jpg

A NOAA agent conducts a video inventory of a fishing vessel in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2008. Video inventories are conducted post-seizure to eliminate liability claims and identify all potential evidence.

 

Washington — The United States is working with officials in 10 nations to address illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fishing in 2011 or 2012, or that had ineffective measures to prevent the unintended catch of protected species in 2012.

The U.S. Commerce Department’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says IUU fishing undermines international efforts to sustainably manage and rebuild fisheries and creates unfair market competition for fishermen who adhere to strict conservation measures. IUU fishing can devastate fish populations and their productive marine habitats, NOAA said, threatening food security and economic stability. Independent experts have estimated economic losses worldwide from stealing fish from legitimate fishing operations to be between $10 billion and $23 billion annually, the agency said.

NOAA on January 11 submitted a congressionally mandated report listing the 10 nations.

The United States soon will start consultations with Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Italy, Mexico, Panama, South Korea, Spain, Tanzania and Venezuela — to encourage them to take action to address IUU fishing and bycatch by their fishermen.

The nations identified in the report had vessels that did not comply in 2011 or 2012 with conservation and management measures required under a regional fishery management organization to which the United States is a party. Mexico also was identified for ineffective management of the bycatch of North Pacific loggerhead sea turtles, which travel between Japan and Mexico through Hawaiian waters and are endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

“As one of the largest importers of seafood in the world, the United States has a global responsibility and an economic duty to ensure the fish we import is caught sustainably and legally,” said Sam Rauch, deputy assistant administrator for NOAA’s Fisheries Service. “We look forward to working with these nations to encourage their compliance, and we will continue to work with our partners to detect and combat illegal practices.”

All six nations identified in the previous 2011 report to Congress (Colombia, Ecuador, Italy, Panama, Portugal and Venezuela) have addressed the instances by taking strong actions like sanctioning vessels, adopting or amending laws and regulations, or improving monitoring and enforcement, NOAA said. Each of these nations now has a positive certification for their 2011 activities. However, a nation positively certified for action taken since the last report may be listed again as engaged in IUU fishing if new issues are identified, as is the case in this report, the agency said.

If a nation fails to take appropriate action to address the instances of illegal fishing or bycatch activities described in the report, that nation’s fishing vessels may be denied entry into U.S. ports and imports of certain fish or fish products from that nation into the United States may be prohibited. The United States is second only to China in the amount of seafood it imports. NOAA’s latest figures showed that 91 percent of the 2 billion kilograms of seafood consumed in the United States in 2011 was imported.

The NOAA 2012 report is a requirement of the High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium Protection Act, as amended by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act and the Shark Conservation Act.

The report is prepared by the NOAA Fisheries’ Office of International Affairs, which works with the nations identified to resolve IUU issues. In addition, NOAA’s Office of Law Enforcement works with foreign law enforcement and fisheries officials to investigate illegal trafficking, illegal imports and IUU fishing, and it routinely partners with U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Coast Guard. NOAA’s Office of Law Enforcement and the Coast Guard also work together to ensure that U.S.-flagged vessels are complying with the law.

NOAA, whose mission is understand and predict changes in the Earth's environment and to conserve and manage coastal and marine resources, also issued final regulations January 11 to implement the international provisions of the Shark Conservation Act. These regulations specify the procedures for identifying and certifying nations whose vessels catch sharks on the high seas. They also amend the definition of IUU fishing to help ensure a comprehensive approach to addressing unsustainable fisheries activities of greatest concern to the United States.

The 2012 IUU report (PDF, 1.4MB) is available on NOAA’s website.



Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/01/20130112140871.html#ixzz2IJCJyezR

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