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[转载]高三英语“七选五”阅读专项训练材料

(2022-03-21 18:50:17)
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转载

高三英语七选五阅读专项训练材料

【命题特点】

阅读补全即七选五题型要求考生在一段留出5个空白的约300词的短文中,根据文章结构、内容,从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,填入相应的空白处,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这种题型突出考查语篇结构分析能力,属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查,即章法范围内的考查。

 

近三年全国卷命题视角

项目

2016

2015

2014

全国

全国

全国

全国

全国

全国

全国

话题

密码学

种植花园

购买和烹制鱼

人际交往

体育

教育

兴趣与爱好

体裁

说明文

说明文

说明文

说明文

说明文

说明文

说明文

设空位置

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段中

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段尾

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内容

主题句

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过渡句

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细节理解

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[命题规律]

1.文体选择:文章体裁以说明文为主,结构都比较清晰,过程完整,适合考查对主题句、过渡句等的概括和总结。单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜考查逻辑思维能力,因而在高考中出现的概率较小。

2.设题方式:文章的首句与尾句很少设空(有小标题的题除外)。能够填入设空处的最佳选项多为段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项干扰性较强,而且所给的选项中,有的选项区分度不大,容易造成考生由于一处误选导致多处错答的情况出现,因此试题难度比常规阅读试题难度有所增加。

【真题印证】

A

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2016·全国)Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Bankscompaniesand government agencies use secret codes in doing businessespecially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. __36__Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.__37__  For examplethe first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”

__38__You might represent each letter with a numberfor example.Let's number the letters of the alphabetin orderfrom 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letterthe message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace wordsphrasesor sentences.To read the message of a real codeyou must have a code book.__39__  For example“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”__40__ Howeverit is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.

AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.

BIn any languagesome letters are used more than others.

COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.

DAs long as there have been codespeople have tried to   break them.

EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each   word spell it out.

FWith a code bookyou might write down words that   would stand for other words.

GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand   for specific letters of the alphabet.

【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了密码在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型。

36.解析:考查综合分析能力。联系下一句的意思,创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的,可以推断此处意思是只要有密码存在,人们总是千方百计地进行破译。故选D项。

答案:D

37.解析:考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知,这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E项。

答案:E

38.解析:考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式,这里又介绍了另一种。故选G项。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。

答案:G

39.解析:考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的a code book暗示答案可能为F项,通过验证,两句意思通顺自然,衔接紧密。故答案为F项。

答案:F

40.解析:考查综合分析能力。由下文中的“also hard”二词可知答案为A项。

答案:A

B

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2016·全国)

A garden that's just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for youwhere the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (总和) of its parts__16__But it doesn't happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

·__17__

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plantsflowerspatterns and masses of colour.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)__18__Howeverthere are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.

·Recall (回忆) your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or badbut that's not what's important.__19__—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your gardenstart by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.__20__Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.

AKnow why you garden

BFind a good place for your own garden

CIt's our experience of the garden that matters

DIt's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to    plants

FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own   gardentoo

GFor each of those gardenswrite down the strongest   memory you have

【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何做园艺,让美丽的花园给我们带来美好的视觉享受。

16.解析:本题考查联系上下文的能力。根据前面的“Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you”可知,你是否参观过一个美丽的花园,再结合后面的“It starts with looking inside yourself”可知,F你也可以把自己的花园弄得这么漂亮符合语境。

答案:F

17.解析:本题考查综合分析能力。根据后面的“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden”可知,这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。

答案:A

18.解析:本题考查综合分析能力。前两句谈到有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草,有些人关心的是少用水少用肥料的方法。本句应该仍然是人们对园艺的不同看法。故E还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物与上下文一致。

答案:E

19.解析:本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。根据前面的“that's not what's important”可知,这里强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C重要的是我们搞园艺的经历符合上下文语境。

答案:C

20.解析:本题考查综合分析能力。这里介绍的是自己弄一个花园,要回忆一下年轻时所看到的那些花园,并把这些花园的优点写下来,然后制定计划并去践行。故G项与上下文一致。

答案:G

【专题演练】

A

We say yes for many reasons.But if we're in the habit of saying yes too oftenwe may find ourselves unhappyor angry.__1__  When we say yes out of dutywe're not taking care of ourselves and end up disappointing and hurting ourselves.Follow these simple tips to help you say no with love.

__2__  I had the bad habit of saying yes to things right away and then feeling terrible later.When Jane asks if you can watch her dog this weekendtell her you're honoured that she thought of you and that you'd be happy to let her know at the end of the day or the next morning.

Three breaths and two questions.If we are in the habit of saying yesevery question can cause stress.__3__   Then ask yourself these questions“Am I able to? Do I want to” Just because we're able to do something doesn't mean we should or that we need to.

Turn them down and offer alternatives.__4__Your mind may tell you that you're selfish or you're a bad person for saying no.This is not true.You are saying no because  you  value  yourselfyour  timeand  your energy.Saying no can look something like this“I appreciate you thinking of me to watch your dog but unfortunately  I'm  not  able  to  this  weekend.”Or “Unfortunately I'm not able to this weekendbut my friend Sally loves dogs and said she'd be around this weekend.Let me know if you'd like her number.”

Simply say nowith a smile.“Thanks for thinking of mebut I'm not able to do that.” Then smile.__5__When you're able to say no easily and without guiltyou might even find  that you are more willing to volunteer or participate because when you doit will be out of joy.

ASay thanks and think it over.

BSaying no can be the hardest step.

CLearning to say no protects our energy and time.

DOffer something that you would be comfortable with.

EWe don't want to disappoint them or hurt their feelings.

FBy being able to say no in a loving wayit shows selfrespect.

GTake three deep breaths before you answer which will ground you.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文,说明如何学会拒绝

1.解析:根据上下文可知C学会拒绝能够保护我们的时间和精力与语境相符,这也是本文所要表达的中心话题。

答案:C

2.解析:根据后面的举例说明可知,本段说的是如何正确对待别人的要求——“先表示感谢,然后再想想

答案:A

3.解析:根据本段的主题句“Three breaths and two questions”.可知G项正确。

答案:G

4.解析:根据本段的主题句“Turn them down.”再结合下文内容可知,B项符合语境。

答案:B

5.解析:根据前面的“Simply say nowith a smile.”“Then smile.”可知F项合适。

答案:F

B

(2016·江西八校三模 Most of you love watching movies.They can be funnysadimaginativeinspiringand so much moreThere are so many possibilities and so many great movies to watch!

The making of a movie usually begins with a script (剧本)__1__  The producer is the person who is responsible for coordinating (协调) aspects of the film like budget and scheduling.The producer plans out how the project will be carried out and he usually starts by hiring a director!

__2__ The director will usually identify themes or feelings that he or she wants the movie to convey to its audience and will then assemble (聚集) all the other people who will be neededsuch as costumedesignersmakeup  artistsspecial  effects  crewstuntmencameramenandof courseactors!

Nextshooting begins!  __3__  Often a director will want to get several “takes” (versions) of a scene or moment and usually only a few minutes of the movie are finished in one day's work.__4__  So once filming is completedthe director must then work with editors to piece them all togetherdeciding which takes to use and adding in any special effects or touchups.

The entire process from acquiring the script to editing the scenes generally takes months or even yearsOnce it's readythe finished movie is then distributed to movie theatres.__5__

A. Scenes are also usually not shot in order.

BThe actual filming can be a slow process.

CThe way that movies are made has changed a lot over time.

DIt gets bought by a movie studio or a producer.

EThe director plays a very important role in making a movie.

FIn moviesthe director's job is to bring the script to life on camera.

GPeople can watch  and enjoy it in the theatres.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文,介绍了电影的制作过程。

1.解析:根据空后一句可知,制片人是负责整体协调电影的预算和计划安排的人,由此可以推断出前一句中一定有制片人。可知D项合适。

答案:D

2.解析:第二段的末尾处和第三段的第二句都提到了导演,所以这里所缺的句子也应和导演有关,根据空后内容可知应选F项。

答案:F

3.解析:根据前后的内容可知,电影拍摄是很慢的。

答案:B

4.解析:根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,一旦电影完成,导演和编辑必须把它们拼合起来,决定对哪一部分添加特效或进行润色。根据空后的内容判断选A项。

答案:A

5.解析:根据前一句可知,一旦这些完成了,电影就会在电影院上映。选G项。

答案:G

C (2016·东莞高三一模)

                                                                        Change

Change is hard.You've probably noticed that.We all  want  to  become  better  people—stronger  and healthiermore creative and more skilleda better friend or family member.But even if we get really inspired and start doing things betterit's tough to actually stick to new behaviours.__1__ Why is thatAnd is there anything you can do to make change easier?

__2__Recentlyshe told me a story that happened when she was in high school.She went to a large high schooland it was the first day of class.Many of the students had never met before that day.The teacher went  around  the  room  and  asked  each  person  to introduce themselves.__3__

My girlfriend raised her hand and went around the room and accurately named all 30 people or so.__4__The guy next to her looked over and said“I couldn't even remember your name.”

She said that moment was a nice experience for her.After that she felt like“I'm the type of person who is good at remembering people's names.”__5__

Here's what I learned from that story: In order to believe in a new identitywe have to prove it to ourselves.

AThe rest of the room was in shock.

BYou need to start believing new things about yourself.

CMy girlfriend is great at remembering people's names.

DAt the endthe  teacher asked if anyone could remember everyone's name.

EEven todayshe's great at remembering the names of    anyone we come across.

FYou have to become the type of person you want to beand that starts with proving your new identity to yourself.

GIt's more likely that this time next year you'll be doing the same thing than performing a new habit with ease.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,论述了作者对人生政变的感悟。

1.解析:更常见的情况是,到了明年的这个时候,你还在重复着同样的事情,而不是轻轻松松保持着一个新的好习惯与本段中的话题改变太难了相符。

答案:G

2.解析:根据后面的内容可知,这里谈论的是我的女朋友非常擅长记住别人的名字

答案:C

3.解析:根据上下文可知,这里应该是等大家都介绍完毕,老师问有没有人记住了每个人的名字

答案:D

4.解析:根据上下文可知,教室里其他所有人都被震惊了符合此语境。

答案:A

5.解析:这句话是对所讲故事的一个总结,所以直到现在,她仍然能记住我们遇到过的每个人的名字符合此语境。

答案:E

D

Stress is common in the lives of most studentsoften coming and going throughout the yearand varying in nature.So the parents and teachers should know how to help the students out of the stress.

Talk to the stressed student.Listen attentively to what he says.__1__  Set boundaries with the studentbut avoid taking a “superior” approach to the relationship.

Ask the student whether the stress is new or whether he has dealt with it in the past successfully.For examplestudents who become stressed during the same time each semestermay have developed coping mechanism (应对机制)__2__

Direct the stressed student to find suggestions.__3__ Remind the student of her social network and campus organizations that provide opportunity for relaxation and stress relief.

Tolerate temporary deviance (异常行为) from the schedule. __4__ While students should keep up with current workconsider making an exception that allows the student to get caught up if they are suffering academically due to significant stress.

Watch for clues or warning signs that suggest the student is in some kind of trouble or has safety concerns.Assure the students' safety and address troublesome behaviour.__5__

AStudents deal with a number of stressors.

BMake sure to give the student 100 percent attention.

CTeachers or professors should not be the cause of their stress.

DEncourage the student to use past coping methods that worked.

ESuggest that the student visit the school counseling centre or see her physician.

FIf troublesome behaviour persists or is threateningreport the behaviour according to school policy.

GEncourage the student to keep up with coursework and follow a daily routine including attending all classes.

【语篇解读】 压力对于大多数学生来说是很普遍的,父母和老师应该了解一下如何减轻学生压力的方法,本文就此给我们提供了一些可行的建议。

1.解析:上文提到要聚精会神地听孩子说话,此处选择B项,意思是确保给学生百分之百的关注

答案:B

2.解析:上文提到有些学生会对以前所产生的类似压力形成应对机制,故此处选择D项,意思是鼓励学生使用以前应对压力的有效方法

答案:D

3.解析:本段说明的是要指导感到有压力的学生去找到对自己有帮助的建议,故此处选择E项,意思是建议学生去学校咨询中心谈一谈或者去看私人医生

答案:E

4.解析:下文提到尽管孩子应该跟上所有的学习任务,也要考虑一些意外情况,故此处选择G项,意思是鼓励学生跟上课程作业并且正常上课

答案:G

5.解析:上文提到要确保孩子的安全并与孩子讨论他们所遇到的麻烦,故此处选择F项,意思是如果这种麻烦行为继续存在或者构成威胁,可以根据学校的政策举报

答案:F

E

How to Keep Your Body in Balance When on a Diet

The basic principle of weight loss is that the total calories expended in energy must be greater than the total calories consumed.Howeverif you take dieting and exercise to extremesyour body can be thrown off balance.__1__   By paying attention to some basic principles of selfcare and nutritionyou can avoid putting your body under too much stress.

__2__ Depending on the diet you are followingconsume small meals regularly to prevent blood sugar spiking and lowering which cause tirednesslight headednessheadachesirritability and food longing.Aim to consume a small mealsnack or a glass of juice every three hours.If following a liquidonly diet planmake sure you are consuming liquids containing enough nutrients to support your body.

Stay hydrated (含水的)Ensure you drink plenty of water to keep your body in balance.__3__Water helps the body function most effectively and facilitates the dieting process by aiding the removal of toxins.

Get plenty of sleep.__4__  Extreme diets should only be followed for a few days.Don't cut out food groupssuch as carbohydratecompletely.Try to plan these diets for a weekend or for days off work so that you can rest the body during times when you will be consuming a limited or very lowcalorie diet.Take some forms of exercisesuch as walkingjoggingswimming or yoga.Exercise is beneficial to keeping the body in balanceboosting heart rateblood flow and aiding general wellbeing.__5__

ABalance your blood sugar.

BWe all accept that eating away at home can add more calories.

CIf undertaking an extreme dietmake sure you get plenty of rest.

DWhen following any diet planmake sure you are not damaging your health.

EEat more vegetablesdrink more watermove more and get rid of the junk food.

FBut do not undertake extreme physical exercise if following a very lowcalorie plan.

GKeep a bottle of water with you at all timeswhether at workat home or travelling.

【语篇解读】 节食减肥过程中要注意保持营养摄入均衡。本文主要介绍了如何在节食时保持身体健康。

1.解析:上文提到在减肥过程中要注意保持营养摄入均衡,如果过度节食或过度锻炼,身体就会失去平衡,故此处选择D项,意思是在执行任何节食减肥计划时,确保不要损害健康

答案:D

2.解析:本段主要论述了要避免因血糖过高或过低引起的一些身体方面的不适,故选择A项,意思是要平衡血糖的含量

答案:A

3.解析:本段主要论述了保持身体水分的重要性,故选择G项,意思是无论在工作、在家中还是在旅行时,你都要随时准备一瓶水

答案:G

4.解析:根据本段主旨“Get plenty of sleep”可知,此处选择C项,意思是如果极度节食,你要确保获得充分的休息

答案:C

5.解析:上文提到了散步、游泳或者瑜伽等身体锻炼的重要性,此处选择F项,意思是如果摄入的卡路里过低时,不要进行极端的身体锻炼,表示一个小小的转折。

答案:F

F

When it comes to Thanksgivingturkey may be the first thing that comes to mind. It's the right picturebut it's not complete.

Celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November every yearThanksgiving Day is a time for communal thanksgiving and lavish feasts.__1__

Americans celebrate Thanksgiving with much enthusiasm and maintain many traditional customs.Here we introduce a few of the rituals Americans typically follow on this day.

Thanksgiving Day has  been associated with communal prayers in church and in homes for centuries.Attending church prayer services in the morning is the first step of many celebrators on Thanksgiving Day.__2__

Before Thanksgiving mealssome families gather together and read prayers to thank God for his kindness and the gifts he has bestowed upon them in the form of friends and family.__3__

Like China's Spring Festivalpreparing a big meal and bringing the family together at home is a longstanding tradition of Thanksgiving.__4__

__5__ Though there is no evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first Thanksgiving dinnermost people agree that the dinner would be incomplete without it.A survey conducted by the US' National Turkey Federation in 2015 shows that 91 percent of Americans eat turkey and more than 306 million  kilograms  of  turkey  are  consumed  on Thanksgiving Day.

AIt is a time for everyone to celebrate it.

BUndoubtedlyturkey is the main  course of Thanksgiving dinner.

CAmericans crowd into physical stores just after   Thanksgiving Day.

DThe churches provide worship services and organize special events for the occasion.

ESome people also do voluntary community work on this dayas a way of paying back.

FIt's about expressing gratitude to the important people and all the good things in your life.

GDistances don't really matter as relatives return home to be with their familyno matter how far away.

【语篇解读】 西方一年一度的感恩节是一个传达祝福与感恩的节日。而实际上,西方还有许多特别的感恩节习俗。

1.解析:此处应紧承上句进一步解释过感恩节的目的,故选择F项,意思是在这一天,你要向生命中最重要的人和所有美好的事物表达感恩之情

答案:F

2.解析:本段是关于教堂祷告仪式的介绍,故选D项,意思是教堂会举行礼拜仪式并组织感恩节特别活动

答案:D

3.解析:本段提到了几种感恩的方式,故选E项,意思是还有一些人选择在这一天去社区做志愿工作以示感恩。空前的“some families”也是提示。

答案:E

4.解析:上文提到感恩节是举家团聚的日子,所以选择G项,意思是距离不是问题,无论多远,亲人们都会赶回家与家人团聚

答案:G

5.解析:下文主要说明了火鸡在感恩节中的重要作用,所以选择B项,意思是毫无疑问,火鸡是这顿节日大餐的重头戏

答案:B

G

                                                                     Write a good interesting blog

If you want to avoid being frustrated for writing a blog that was never readhere are some ways to make a good interesting blog.

__1__ Boring topics are generally not good for blogs unless you are genius writerswho can create beautiful prose even when writing about the most ordinary things.

Pick a topic you know and are passionate about.__2__ If you like video gamesfor examplewrite one detailing your experiences of playing them.Note that this kind of blog is different from a “Dear Diary” blog.

Avoid writing your own biography.A “Dear Diary” blog isn't interesting to other people unless you are a really significant person.Think about itwho would really want to know what you ate for dinner? This kind of blog is selfindulgent (放纵自己的) and unnecessary.__3__

Funny blog posts tend to become vital.Humorous chartspicturesand videos are great supplements to your text.__4__   Try to think of unique things to write aboutor write an opposing view on a certain subject.

__5__  People hate being led on and tricked into reading a blog post that they expect to be helpfuljust to realize that it is a subjective and promotional one.

A. It does not offer anything to the people reading it.

BDo not rehash or rewrite blog posts from famous blogs.

CWrite your blog clearly.

DIt should be one that other people can relate to.

EInform your readers from the beginning.

FChoose an interesting topic.

GWrite your blog about your personal things.

【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了怎样才能写出比较好的博客的方法,如不要模仿著名的博客,要写出独特的或者自己真实的意见等。

1.解析:根据空格后面“Boring topics are generally not good for blogs”中的topicsFChoose an interesting topic信息呼应,因此选F项。

答案:F

2.解析:空格前面讲到了“Pick a topic that you know and are passionate about”,根据句意可知D项中的it指的是前面的topicone相当于a topic,因此选D项。解答此题主要利用同词复现关系。

答案:D

3.解析:根据空格前面的句子“This kind of blog is selfindulgent (放纵自己的) and unnecessary”这种类型的博客是放纵的并且没有必要存在的,因此与A“It does not offer anything to the people reading it”没有给读者提供什么信息呼应,所以选A项。误解分析:此题容易误选D项,根据前面的selfindulgentD项似乎更加合适,但是此处强调描写自己的内容的博客,给读者提供不了有用的信息。

答案:A

4.解析:根据空格后面的“Try to think of unique things to write aboutor write an opposing view on a certain subject”写独特的事情,或者相反的观点,可知这与B“Do not rehash or rewrite blog posts from famous blogs”信息呼应。

答案:B

5.解析:根据空格后面的“People hate being ledon and tricked into reading a blog post that they expect to be helpful”可知与E选项“Inform your readers from the beginning”这个信息一致。

答案:E

 

 

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