Ode to the West Wind*

        西  风  颂                  

作者：【英】波西·比希·雪莱 －Percy Bysshe Shelley    

           上善若水译本

(原诗每行10音缀，其韵式aba bcb cdc ded ee 拙以每行10字试译，每节皆一韵到底，欢迎斧正！）              

                      （一）

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,  

狂野的西风哟，秋之浩气！

  Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead 

  你，无形之神（灵）将枯叶驱离， 

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,  

恰似鬼魅遇巫师而逃逸， 

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, 

  黄、黑、灰，泛红、潮热的病体 ，

  Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,  

  罹患瘟疫之众生：呵，是你，       

Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed  

携物种到幽冷的苗床里，

The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, 

  在严寒的低洼之所栖息， 

  Each like a corpse within its grave, until 

  一个个死去般横尸墓底， 

Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow  

待碧蓝—春天的胞妹一起

Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill  

吹响号角，吹遍梦幻大地，

  (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) 

  (驱嫩芽似羊群游牧天际，)         

With living hues and odours plain and hill:  

山川旷野，充满勃勃生机:

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; 

不羁的精灵，你无所不及； 

Destroyer and preserver; hear, Oh, hear!  

听，哦，听吧！破坏兮，保护兮！ 

                     （二）

Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion, 

你在溪流，空中一片骚乱，

  Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed, 

  浮云似人间腐叶般飘散， 

Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,  

雨点、闪电的天使曾摇撼

Angels of rain and lightning：there are spread  

缠绕海天间的枝枝蔓蔓：               

  On the blue surface of thine aery surge,  

  在汹涌的蓝色海面舒展，

Like the bright hair uplifted from the head 

象凶残祭司①高耸的发卷， 

Of some fierce Maenad①, even from the dim verge 

即便从地平朦胧的边缘         

  Of the horizon to the zenith's height, 

  到九霄云外的至高顶点，    

The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge  

似迫在眉睫风暴的云鬟。 

Of the dying year, to which this closing night  

临终的哀乐，未了的夜晚，

  Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,  

  你将是茫茫坟茔的拱圆，

Vaulted with all thy congregated might  

聚集你所有浩气的威严，

Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere 

哦，听吧！来自凝固的气旋， 

Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: Oh, hear！ 

将爆裂出黑雨、冰雹、火焰。

                   （三）

Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams  

地中海蓝蓝，他放浪身形，

  The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,

  水流喧嚣、清澈，催入梦境，

Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams,  

是你将夏日的美梦唤醒，

Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's② bay,  

在巴亚海湾浮石岛附近，

  And saw in sleep old palaces and towers  

  恍惚中梦见古楼和宫廷，

Quivering within the wave’s intenser day,  

热浪里微颤的海天碧影，

All overgrown with azure moss and flowers 

苔藓绿，花香浓，簇叶丛生， 

  So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou 

  映入眼帘，感官行将眩晕！ 

For whose path the Atlantic’s level powers 

大西洋的潮汐赐你路径，

Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below 

自行劈山开路进入断层， 

  The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear  

  海底的花草，淤泥的丛林，

The sapless foliage of the ocean, know 

水生的枝叶却枯萎、凋零， 

Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,  

闻你语调突显晦暗、忧心，

And tremble and despoil themselves: Oh, hear!  

颤巍巍却在自虐：哦，你听！

                （四）

If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear, 

我若是枯叶，会随你飘游,

  If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; 

  我若是浮云，与你同飞走； 

A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share 

海浪冲撞下，你气喘咻咻，

The impulse of thy strength, only less free 

共享你蛮力的冲动念头， 

  Than thou, O uncontrollable！if even  

  难以控制啊！不如你自由，

I were as in my boyhood, and could be 

即便是在我孩提的时候， 

The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven, 

定与你伙伴在天际漫逰， 

  As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed

  那时，超你神速绝非虚构，— 

Scarce seemed a vision;—I would ne'er have striven  

悲伤中，我与你共同祈求，

As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need. 

因而，我不会再与你争斗。 

  Oh! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! 

  卷我吧！似波涛，树叶，云兜！ 

I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!  

倒在生命荆丛！鲜血直流！ 

A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed 

像你—狂放、迅疾、养尊处优,

One too like thee:tameless, and swift, and proud. 

岁月的重负，束缚“我”俯首。  

                  （五）

Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:  

把我当你森林般的琴瑟：

  What if my leaves are falling like its own!

  虽我落叶纷纷，那又如何？ 

The tumult of thy mighty harmonies  

你雄浑、喧嚣的音质谐和，

Will take from both a deep autumnal tone, 

音调将取自深沉的秋色， 

  Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,  

  虽悲犹甜。愿(你)残忍的精魄，

My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!  

我的魂！你是我，—鲁莽使者！

Drive my dead thoughts over the universe

宇宙洒遍我的理念执着，

  Like withered leaves, to quicken a new birth!  

  似枯叶凋谢，催生出嫩萼！

And, by the incantation of this verse,

借助这些符咒般的诗歌，

Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth 

让不熄的炉灰飘散四射， 

  Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!  

  将我的言辞在人间撒播！

Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth 

我用双唇向沉睡的山河

The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, 

吹响预言的号角！—西风哟， 

If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

冬天来了，春天还会远么？③

译注Maenad①【希神】【罗神】酒神的女祭司。

译注：Baiae②即意大利的巴亚海湾。

译注:③最后这句是江冰华老先生的译作，我未加改动，我以为这是所有译家中译得最漂亮的一句，人们已经耳熟能详,而且第五节韵脚又是“e”，同时又符合我每行十字的要求，不得已而用之。

*   The poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno, near Florence, and on a day when that tempestuous wind, whose temperature is at once mild and animating, was collec-

ting the vapours which pour down the autumnal rains. Thay began, as I foresaw, at sunset with a violent tempest of hail and rain, attended by that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiat to the Cisalpine regions.

    The phenomenon alluded to at the conclusion of the third stanza is well known to naturalists. The vegetation at the bottom of the sea, of rivers, and of lakes, sympathises with that of the land in the change of seasons, and is consequently influenced by the winds which announce it.—[Shelley Note.]

雪莱原注*  这首诗构思、主创于佛罗伦萨附近阿诺河畔的一片树林里，那天，暴风来临时，气温通常既暖和又充满生气，雾霭里孕育着倾泻的秋雨。不出预料，日落时，狂风暴雨夹着冰雹开始奔流而下，并伴随着阿尔卑斯山脉特有的、气势磅礴的闪电雷鸣。

    第三节结尾处提及的自然景观，对博物学家而言是十分熟悉的。海洋、河流、湖泊底部的水生植物与陆地草木的季节变化是相同的，并因而预示着植被受逆风的影响。

 （作于1819年） (written in 1819) 

    《西风颂》是雪莱又一首荡气回肠、激情澎湃之作，通常被简单地当作“自然”诗作来欣赏，它的背景起源于1819年曼彻斯特彼得卢大屠杀瞬间所爆发出的强烈社会矛盾，同时体现了雪莱辩证、潜在的大变革视野。

这首诗有五节，每一节是一首十四行诗，从但丁⑧《神圣的喜剧》三行诗节隔句押韵法而来。

    第一节，雪莱描述了西风的双重想象力：预示着冬天、死亡、衰败的来临，

但同时毁灭将会带来新的生命和希望。枯叶被描绘成“罹患瘟疫之众生”，“有翼的物种”恰似星星之火，将经历一场大变革而浴火重生。“驱嫩芽似羊群游牧天际”，这是一种奇特、可爱的思维，仿佛盛开在树上的芽孢是幼小、毛茸茸的绵羊，由西风领着它们在天际放牧。

    从第一到第二节，枯叶满地的意象运用到西风卷残云，“天和海”如何能被幻想成“缠绕的枝干”这是雪莱符合自然科学的大胆想象，天和海是分离的，但是它们却通过大自然的演变过程融合在一起：在太阳高温的辐射下，海水蒸发进入天空形成了云雾，从某种意义上，“天和海缠绕的枝干”几乎是一个气象意义上的比喻。

    第三节“似迫在眉睫风暴的云鬟”雪莱按照自然世界的循环变化再次描述可预见的惨烈巨变。体现家乡大不列颠迫在眉睫的社会风暴。为了提醒我们作那样的联想，沉入地中海的古楼宫廷，恰似奥西曼提斯⑨的塑像—人类抱负无常的标志。甚至“大西洋的潮汐”在西风傲慢的威力前不得不让步，其影响甚至可以触及海底，使海底的花草、枝叶枯萎凋零。宛若第一节的枯叶。

    第四节的开始，雪莱将诗作的主要意象—枯叶、浮云、海浪汇集在一起，采用一种雄辩的声音，一个“我”，以自我为中心，起源是诗歌对西风的独白。迄今为止，诗句对着西风不断地独白：“听，…哦，你听”，为了引起人们的注意急切地恳求，“卷我吧！似波涛、树叶、云兜！”，诗人期盼西风携着自己象波涛、树叶、浮云般离开眼前社会衰败的视觉，即便“倒在生命荆丛，鲜血直流！”也在所不辞。

    雪莱的哀伤在这一节的末尾更接近于自怜，在《莱昂和西斯那的序言》里他专心于抵制不抱幻想、理想破灭的言论。而此时他的目标升华了，他不再屈服。在第五节开头，他用一种不可思议、即兴的姿态驱散自怜：

                                   把我当你森林般的琴瑟，

                                   虽我落叶纷纷那又如何？

这几行诗需要以一种扭曲的自责来阅读，一种“不在乎”的挑战语气；从那时起，那口口相传、非同寻常的结尾将我们推向了高潮。

                                   我用双唇向沉睡的山河—

                                   吹响预言的号角！西风哟，

                                   冬天来了，春天还会远么？

附郭沫若译本

附查良铮译本