不可数名词复数形式的特殊含义

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分类: 第二语言语法概论 |
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不可数名词(集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词)(Non-count
1.
专有名词的复数形式的含义
1)表示一家人或夫妻。
Are the Smiths coming to our party to morrow
night?
史密斯一家明晚会来参加我们的聚会吗?
2)表示同名或同姓的若干人。
There are two Marys and three Roberts in his
class.
他班上有两个玛丽和三个罗伯特。
Did the Mr. Blakes come this
morning?
那几位布莱克先生今天上午来了吗?
2. 物质名词的复数形式的含义
1)表示不同的种类,如food,wine,metal, wheat,rice等。
This factory produces steel.这家工厂制造钢材。
We need various steels. 我们需要各种钢材。
2)表示量很大,远远超过该词原来表示的程度或次数。
sands(沙滩,沙漠),waters(水域),rains(大阵雨、雨季),winds(大风),times(时代), woods(森林),ruins(废墟),rags(碎片、破衣服),ashes(灰烬、骨灰)。
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the
crops.
上涨的河水给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
These caves collapse easily in heavy
rains.
下大雨时这些洞穴容易倒塌。
The children are playing on the sands.
孩子们在沙滩上玩。
3)表示饮料名称的物质名词往往以复数形式代替单位词。如coffees,teas等。
The waitress has served twenty teas since four
o’clock.
从四点起,这位女服务员已上了二十份午茶。
Send two coffees and three lemonades to the
room.
请将两杯咖啡和三杯柠檬汁送到这个房间。
4)有些名词即可作物质名词,也可作个体名词,前者不可数,后者可数,但语义改变。
rubber橡胶,rubbers
胶鞋,egg
蛋白, an
egg鸡蛋,
iron铁,
irons(熨斗),copper銅,
coppers(铜币),
lamb羔羊肉,lamb羔羊等。
3.
抽象名词复数形式的含义
1)congradulations
/ regards / respects / thanks / wishes / apologies /
等复数形式用来表示祝愿、礼貌和客气。
It's your birthday today. Congradulations !
You've given me so much help. Thanks a lot !
He has no symoathy(同情) for beggars.
He is a man of wide sympathies(同情心).
I sent my sympathies (慰问)to the relatives of the dead.
2)smiles
/ pities / fears / hopes / kindnesses等复数形式表示强调。
He was all smiles .
他满面笑容。
It is a thousand pities .
非常遗憾。
3)
抽象名词具体化:
an education 一种教育/ education 教育,a knowledge一种知识/ knowledge 知识,这类名词不能用复数.
a light一盏灯/ light 光线,a noise一阵噪音/ noise 噪音,a feeling 一种感觉/ feeling 知觉,感觉,a victory /victory, the four modernizations四个现代化/ modernization现代化, a great joy joy使人高兴的事 / joy高兴, worries使人发愁的事 / worry 忧愁、烦恼,
a youth男青年、小伙子/ youth青春、青年,a business 商店、商行 / business 商业、交易,
a relation 亲戚 / relation 关系,cares烦人的事, anxieties令人着急的事, failures失败的事或人, 这类名词可以有复数。
这些名词作为可数名词,前面常有修饰词(a classical education古典文学教育, a good knowledge of English通晓英语)
4. 可数名词抽象化
to have too much family = too heavy family burden
to have too much winter= a too long spell of cold weather
to have too much mouth= to talk too much
to have too little ear= to be not inclined to listen to others
to have room for= to have a need for
to feel the patriot rise = to feel the patriotic feelings rise
to be fool enough= to be foolish enough
more of a fool than= more foolish than
less of a fool than = less foolish than
as much of a fool as = as foolish as
too much of a fool = too foolish
类似的名词还有:man, coward,
coquette
参考资料:
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[3] (英)汤姆逊,(英)马丁内特文. 牛津实用英语语法(第四版) [M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999.
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