名词性从句专讲专练

I．引导词

A．  连词：

that   (没有实在意义，不充当句子成份)

whether （是否，不充当句子成份， 可以引导各类名词性从句，一般可以和or, or not 连用）

if （是否，不充当句子成份，引导宾语从句。 注意：它还可以引导条件状语从句，表“如果”）

as if （好像， 可引导表语从句。 注意： 它还可以引导方式状语从句。）

because  (因为，可引导表语从句。它还可以引导原因状语从句。)

who    （谁，在从句中作主语、表语）

whom  （谁，在从句中作宾语、表语）

whose  （谁的， 在从句中作定语）

what   （在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语时泛指事物，没有具体的含义，但作定语时可以翻译为“什么”； 另外，它还可以用来询问“价格，人口等”，表示“多少”）

whoever     (无论谁，在从句中作主语、表语)

whomever   (无论谁，在从句中作宾语)

whosever   （无论谁的， 在从句中作定语）

whatever   （在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语时可以翻译为“无论什么”）

C．  连接副词：(注意：所有的连接副词在从句中都是充当状语)

when  （什么时候）

where  （哪里/在某处）

why   （为什么）

how   （1、多么， 后接形容词或副词； 2、 怎么样， 如何， 修饰动词，说明动作实行的方式）

how many （多少， 后接可数名词）

how much （多少， 接不可数名词）

how long   （多长，指时间，回答可用“for+一段时间”）

how far    （多远，指路程或距离）

how soon  （多快，指时间，回答可用“in+一段时间”）

however  （1、无论多么， 后接形容词或副词； 2、 怎么样， 如何， 修饰动词，说明动作实行的方式）

wherever   (无论哪里)

whenever  （无论何时//什么时候）

Cf. no matter how

   no matter where

   no matter when

只能引导让步状语从句

II. 各类名词性复合句的句型结构特点：

          A．主语从句：

主语从句  + 主句的谓语动词 + （宾语）+ 状语或其他

   That he failed the math exam surprised all of us.

   That you joined us made all of us happy.

   That he didn’t care for money was a lie.

   Whether we’ll go out for an outing depends on the weather.

   What he did added to our difficulty.

   What surprised everybody was that he didn’t come to the meeting.

         B．宾语从句：

      a. 主句的主语 +主句的谓语动词 （vt. // vi. +prep./adv.）+宾语从句

   The manager came out to see what was the matter.

   Have you decided which subject you are going to choose?

   He asked me how soon we would finish the work.

   We have to find out whose fault it was.                                                                         

      b. 主句的主语 +主句的谓语 +其他 + 介词 +宾语从句

   The importance of bringing in new machines lies in that they can help to produce more clothes.

  The soldiers stood there still except that his lips were moving.

  What we eat now is very different from what we used to eat.

  Finally they decided to settle in what is called New England now.

  Give the book to whomever you meet in the classroom.

  I know nothing about whether Mr. Smith’s operation had been successful.

         C．表语从句：

        主句的主语 +主句的谓语动词be //link v. +表语从句

The question is whether our meeting should be put off.

He is a lazy boy and that is why he is always late for school.

D．同位语从句：

    抽象名词 + 同位语从句（一般用that引导-----陈述语气）

常见的抽象名词有： truth   fact   news  information   idea// viewpoint------have an idea----陈述语气have no idea-----疑问语气   problem    question    belief faith    order   command  request    requirement    demand   suggestion  advice  proposal   insistence   fear   hope   wish  

The question whether he will come or not  is not settled.

Do you have any idea when he will set off?

I didn’t know the fact that he was angry until you told me.

Nothing can change his faith that he can be  a very successful man in the near future.

The idea that we try again is a good one.

III. 各类从句的特定句型：

1） 主语从句：用it 作形式主语的句型

a.       It + be + adj.//n. +主语从句

** It is natural  // important // necessary // surprising // strange // funny + that 引导的主语从句，从句的谓语动词可以用 (should) + do // be done 的形式

It is natural that we should learn English well.

It is important that we (should) keep the balance of nature.

It is natural that you (should) forget it first.

It is strange that you (should) say no.

b.      It + be + V.(p.p.) +主语从句

It is requested that Miss Wang (should) give a speech at the meeting.

It is suggested that we (should) have a meeting next week.

It is ordered that we (should) go to the place where we are needed best.

c.       It (so) + happened +主语从句

It so happened that I was at the spot at that time.

It happened that I was out that day.

d.      It + matters //mattered (much//little) +主语从句

It matters much whether you are determined or not if you want to succeed.

e.       It + doesn’t//didn’t matter +主语从句

It doesn’t matter whether we have money or not..

f.        It + seems//seemed (to sb) + adj.//n. + 主语从句

It seems to me quite strange that he should be so rude to his classmates.

g.       It + depends +主语从句

It depends whether we can do it with fewer workers and less money.

h.      It is no wonder + that主语从句

It is no wonder that he got high marks in the exam.

It is no wonder that you misunderstood him.

i.        It makes no // little // great … difference +主语从句

It won’t make any difference whether she will accept the invitation or not.

It made great difference whether he would come to my birthday party or not.

2） 宾语从句：用it 作形式宾语的句型

a.       make// find// feel // think // consider // believe // suppose  + adj. // n. +宾语从

句

I never believe it true that he is dishonest.

I think it wrong that the young don’t respect the old.

You’d better make it clear that you are only a boy.

Do you think it a pity that she can’t come to our party?

b. 主句的主语 + 主句的谓语 + it +宾语从句

I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.

I dislike it when he spoke to me like that.

Never depend on it that God will help you.

Why don’t you bring it to his attention that you are too busy to do it?

1.         It depends on +宾语从句

2.         主句的主语 + 主句的谓语 + it +宾语从句

I heard it said that he was killed in the battle.

3） 表语从句：

a.       It looks/looked as if-clause

It looks as if // as though someone were running after her now.

It looks as if // as though she were two years younger today.

It looks as if // as though she hadn’t done that at all.

It looks as if // she would live another 100 years.

b.      It seems//seemed that-clause

It seems that he is very disappointed.

c.       It appears//appeared that-clause

It appeared that he could do everything possible to help the poor.

d.      That’s//This is +表语从句

That is what I wanted to say to you.

e.       It is because…

If you asked me why I fired you, I would say that it was all because you were as lazy as a pig.

       4) 同位语从句：

           a.  have no idea +同位语从句

    Sorry, I really have no idea where she lives.

    Have you any idea when she is leaving for Beijing?

           b.  have an idea + that引导同位语从句

   I have an idea that she won’t leave me whatever happens.

           c.  there is no need// no doubt + that引导同位语从句

   There is no need that you worry about his safety, you see, he is a big boy now.

   There is no doubt that he is devoted to you.

           d.  there is (great) doubt + 同位语从句

   There is great doubt who have stolen the car .

           e.  Word came +that引导同位语从句  (为了使句子结构更加平衡，抽象名词作主语而后面接有一个同位语从句时，往往把同位语从句后置。)

Word came that the playground in our school would be replaced by a gym.

Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.

IV.               注意问题

1.       语气问题：

所谓肯定语气就是从句本身不缺少任何句子成分，只需要连接词that 就可以表达一个完整的意思； 而所谓的疑问语气则是指主句本身包含有疑问的、或不清楚、不肯定的、或还没有决定等意向，或者是从句还需要某个带疑问语气的连接词来充当某个句子成分才能表达一个完整的意义或概念，这时不能用that来引导从句。（一般说来，ever类词和that 都是表达肯定语气的选择。）

Who stole the necklace will be found out soon.

Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

I don’t know whether he’ll come to our help.

What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.

That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

That Japan lies east of China  is known to us all.

That people spend so much money on their pets surprises us a lot.

His ability has never been in doubt --- the question is whether he is prepared to work hard.

2.       语序问题：凡是从句都应该用陈述的语序。

The manager asked what was the matter // the trouble.

The manager asked what was wrong.

The teacher asked who had broken the window.   (_上面三句话的引导词都充当主语，语序不变。)

The teacher asked why Tom hadn’t turned up.

3.       主谓一致：一般说来，单个的主语从句做主语，主句的谓语动词用单数。

1.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ___ he would die of the disease.

  A. that   B. which    C. of which    D. of that

2. The idea ___ we should have more industry in this area is a good one.

  A. that   B. which   C. what   D. how

3. We expressed the hope ___ they would come and visit China again.

  A. which   B. that    C. when    D. if

4. The order came ___ the soldiers ___ the small village the next morning.

 A. that; had to leave  B. that, should leave   C. /, must leave  D. when; should leave

 

巩固性练习：

1、It doesn’t matter            I rest or not.

A．if    B．whether   C．that   D．when

2、________I can’t understand is             he wants to change his mind.

A．that, that  B．which, what   C．what, why   D．what, that

3、      I was free that day.

A．It happened to B．It happened that C．That happened  D．It was happened that

4、He         you are not going abroad.

A．surprised that B．is surprised whether C．is surprised that   D surprised at

5、I wonder how much               .

A．cost the coat   B．does the coat cost C．the coat costs  D．the coat is cost

6、                I have will be yours sooner or later.

A．No matter what B．Whatever C．Whether  D．That

7、              in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.

A．It says  B．He is said    C．It has said      D．It is said

8、        we go swimming every day        us a lot of good.

A．If, do B．That, do C．If, does        D．That, does

9、Is this         we met them last night.？           

 A．where   B．place C．place in which  D．place which

10、We all know the truth       there is air, water and sunlight there are living things.

A．where  B．wherever  C．that    D．that wherever

11、I think it is      you’re eating too much.

A．that  B．because  C．the reason      D．for

12、It is said                has been translated into French.

A．that that  B．which  C．that    D．that which

13、It is still a question                we shall have our sports meet.

A．why  B．that  C．when   D．which

14、It’s not yet clear       of those will be chosen to go abroad.

A．that  B．which  C．whom    D．who

15、These pictures show you           

A．What does our village look like B．What our village looks live

C．How does our village look like  D．how our village looks like

16、Can you make sure               the gold necklace?

A．where Alice had put B．where did Alice put

C．where Alice has put  D．where has Alice put

17、Go and get your glasses. It’s               you left it.

A．there B．where C．there where    D．where there

18、——Do you remember                he came?

——Yes, I do. He came by train.     A．how  B．when C．where  D．that

19、     we can’t get seems better than         we have.

A．What, what  B．What, that  C．That, that  D．That, what

20、Mother asked me       .

A．what was wrong with me   B．what’s wrong with me

C．what wrong was with me   D．what wrong is with me

21、      they have won the game made us excited.

A．/    B．That    C．What     D．Where

22、       I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.

A．If  B．Whether  C．Even if    D．When

23、       he says in his report is a very interesting question.

A．What all   B．All what   C．What  D．What that

24、When they will start      not been decided.

A．have  B．is   C．does   D．has

25、        certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.

A．That is  B．This is  C．It is    D．It has

26、        is unknown to us all.

A．Where did she put it  B．Where she put it C．That where she put it  D．In which she put it

27、        nothing to do with us.

A．What she did have  B．What she did is C．What did she do has   D．What she has done has

28、The trouble is       we are short of hands.

A．what    B．that    C．how   D．which

29、Energy is       makes things work.    A．what  B．everything C．something D．that

30、My hometown is not     it used to     ten years ago.

A．when; do   B．what; do    C．what; be    D．when; be

31、The reason      I have to go is       my mother is ill in bed.

A．why; why B．why; because   C．why; that  D．that; because

32、The thought      he might fail in the exam worried him.

A．which   B．that  C．when    D．so that

33、That is           I lost my pen.  A．when   B．where      C．that      D．what

34、Have you any idea                ?

A．how fast does light travel  B．how quick light travels

C．how soon light travels   D．how fast light travels

35、His suggestion      to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.

A．that we go B．which we should go  C．that we would go   D．we would go

36、He was interested in       he had seen at the exhibition.

A．which  B．that C．all what  D．all that

37、He often thinks of     he can do more for his country.

A．what  B．how  C．that    D．which

38、He made                quite clear that he wouldn’t change his mind.

A．this   B．that     C．it   D．what

39、He got angry with                 was against his opinion.

A．whom  B．who   C．whoever  D．anyone

40、I don’t know                .

A．what was the matter outside  B．what the matter outside was

C．what was outside the matter          D．what was happened outside

41、He has come, but I didn’t know that he                     until yesterday.

A．is coming   B．will come  C．was coming  D．wasn’t coming

42、He ran back into the room to see if he                 anything behind.

A. has forgotten  B. had forgotten C．has left     D．had left

43、The news       he died in the battle has got round in the village.

A．that   B．which   C．what        D．this

44.       you say, I wouldn’t allow you to do that. 

 A．What   B．Which   C．Whatever   D．However

45、We are wondering                our teacher will come to the party or not.

A．if   B．that  C．why    D．whether

46、                     he has been getting on well with his studies makes all of us happy.

A．Which    B．How    C．What  D．That

47、That is       he failed to arrive on time.    A．where  B．whether  C．why   D．when

48、We finally found out                    to him.

A. what had happened  B．what has happened

 C．which took place  D．what has been taken place

49、No one knows when and where                  .

A．was she born    B．did she come from C．she work  D．she was born

50、The truth               the factory would break down made all the workers shocked.

A．of which  B．that   C．about that    D．what

[答案]：1~5 BCBCC   6~10 BDDAD   11~15 BACBB    16~20 CBAAA

      21~25 BBCDC   26~30 BDBAC  31~35 CBBDA    36~40 DBCCA

      41~45 CDACD   46~50 DCADB

提高篇：

1._____ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.

A. How   B. That    C. Why   D. Whether

2. ____ the scientist will give us a lecture next week is true.

A. That   B. Where   C. Why   D. Who

3. How surprising ____ he should have refused to come.

A. is he that   B. he is that   C. is it that   D. it is that

4. Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off?

A. when   B if    C. which   D. what

5. It is still not decided ____ should be our headmaster.

A. which   B. that   C. who    D. whoever

6. I don’t doubt ____ he will come.

  There is no doubt ___ he will come.

  I doubt ____ he will come.

7. I know nothing about her but _____ she is from Canada.

  A. how   B. when   C. that    D. why

8. It depends on ______ we have enough time.

  A. if    B. if or not   C. that    D. whether

9. _____ he doesn’t like them is very clear.

  A. What   B. That    C. Which   D. Where

10. ____ proves that my advice is right.

  A. It will happen that   B That has happened  C. What has happened  D. When it happens

11. What a pity ___ is ____ you didn’t arrive by day.

  A. there ; because   B. it; that   C. he; when   D. that; for

12. Please give the book to ___ wins the first prize.

  A. who   B. whom  C. whoever  D. whomever

13. The question he asked was ____ the electrical equipment should be stored.

  A. what   B. which   C. where   D. because

14. A man’s worth lies not so much in ___ he has as in ____ he is.

  A. that; what   B. what ; what   C. that ; that   D. what; that

15. ______ studies hard will pass the exam with ease.

  A. Whoever   B Any student   C. Who   D. Those who

16. _____ he will be sent to Hai-nan is certain.

  A. Why   B. Whether   C. That   D. How

17. The gentleman insisted that he ____ the wallet.

  A. had not seen   B not see   C. would not see   D. did not see

18. ____ think will take care of the children?

  A. Who you   B. who do you   C. whom you    D. whom do you

19. ____ get this machine?

  A. Do you think where can we   B. Where do you think we can

  C. Where you think we can     D. Where can you think we

20. Who is ______ spoke first?

  A. what that    B. it that   C. it it   D. what what