高一下学期英语培优班资料 7（For Class1 &2）

                                                  2010-05-12

Part One: 书面表达常见错误讲练

1. 关系不一致

英语语法要求意义一致。所谓意义一致，不仅知主谓在人称或数上一致，还应取决于主语所表达的实际意义。违反了这一原则，就会产生不一致的错误。

[误]If she have much money, she can buy many things that she want.

[正]If she has much money, she can buy many things that she wants.

[巩固练习1]

1) The secretary and manager were present at the meeting yesterday.

2) Joan with other three girls have been to Beijing.

3) In spite of its small size, these cameras can take very good pictures.

4) He closed the door and hurries away to class.

5) He lived in the countryside for two years, and his life there was always remembered by him.

6) If I were your, I won’t do that.

7) We have been to Europe many time.

 

2. 词性混淆

[误]When people have difficult, we should help them.

[正]When people have difficulty, we should help them.

[析]词汇对于写作相当重要，词汇量越大越便于写作。但是，很多学生平时在记单词时，光记拼写、读音和词义，忽视词性，这是不对的。因为英语句子的各个成分都是由一定词性的词来充当的。

[巩固练习2]

1) He against your plan.

2) She often by bus to school.

3) A week past before his letter arrived.

4) She always does her homework careful.

5) Can you tell Asia elephants from African elephants?

6) Fortunate, people are beginning to realize how serious the pollution is.

7) My brother down into the cold water.

 

3. 用词累赘

[误]If you lend me 50 dollars, I’ll repay back you next week.

[正]If you lend me 50 dollars, I’ll repay you next week.

[析]“累赘”现象普遍存在于学生习作中，要避免这一现象的发生，必须加强语言基本功训练，学习中要勤思多练，同时熟记一些易于出现“累赘”现象的单词和语句。

[巩固练习3]

1) The teacher repeated that sentence again.

2) Lesson Nine is more easier than Lesson Ten.

3) Her future plan is that she is going to study abroad.

4) Li Ping hurries to go to school every day.

5) I have returned you the book you lent it to me last week.

6) The old man lives alone by himself.

7) He woke at six a.m. in the morning.

8) Wei Hua is frightened with fear by the strange sound coming from the next room.

9) I received a letter from Jim in last week.

10) The box is too heavy for the weak girl to carry it.

 

4. 无连接词错误

[误]You practice more reading, your reading ability will be improved.

[正]If you practice reading more, your reading ability will be improved.

[析]英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句子的各个部分要由各种连词、关系词等连接起来；而汉语句子是重“意合”，句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现的，连接词的使用远远少于英语，由于这一特点，很多学生在写作时往往忘了使用连接词，造成诸多病句。

[巩固练习4]

1) A person has not enough food, he will not have a healthy body.

2) I am tired, I must go on working.

3) China is still a developing country, most people can not afford a car yet.

4) You use your head, you will find a way.

5) The teacher spoke slowly, the students might understand her.

6) I arrived at the station, the train had left.

7) We all went home after the picnic, it had started to rain.

8) We were looking for your new coat, we could not find it.

9) The sun warms the earth, this makes it possible for the plants grow.

10) His bedroom seemed empty there were only two chairs, a small desk and a bed.

 

5. 非完整句错误

[误]The woman talked to you just now is our English teacher.

[正]The woman who talked to you just now is our English teacher.

[析]一个句子至少包括主语和谓语两部分（祈使句除外），如果将句子的某一部分当作一个完整的句子，就会导致非完整句错误。写作中，很多学生会犯此错误，应特别引起注意。

 

[巩固练习5]

1) China is no longer what used to be.

2) Although is ten years old, this little boy plays the piano very well.

3) The picture is about a poor little boy lived in old China.

4) The person came to see me that afternoon is an old friend of mine.

5) I can’t imagine what life would be like if haven’t any TV sets.

6) Without a friend will feel lonely.

 

6. 选词或搭配不当

[误]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody likes to have friends with him.

[正]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody lies to make friends with him.

[析]在理解英语词汇时，不能仅停留在了解其字面意义上，而应掌握内在涵义。同时要熟悉它们的习惯搭配。平时学习词汇时，要仔细思考，勤查词典，尤其要多记英语解释，弄清它们的确切意思和用法，以免造成类似错误。

[巩固练习6]

1) It only spends us 15 minutes to go to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2) I hope you to become a lawyer.

3) Mr Wang forgot his wallet in the classroom yesterday.

4) She will remember firmly what her teacher said and did.

5) Can you borrow me your dictionary?

6) I must keep your words in mind and work hard to raise my English.

7) John caught a bad cold, so he had to live in hospital.

8) I saw an animal this afternoon.

 

7. 逻辑错误

[误]Liu Hua is a kind-hearted girl; she will be successful in anything she tries.

[正]As she has a strong will and confidence in herself, Liu Hua may be successful in anything she tries.

[析]“一个心地善良的人能保证事事都能成功”这个推理不合理。“一个具有坚强意志和信念的人可能会取得成功”这才合乎逻辑。在写作时，不少学生从语言角度考虑得多，而从逻辑角度考虑得少。因此，常常出现不少逻辑错误。

[巩固练习7]

1) Americans are tall.

2) Every bird can fly.

3) She must be ill because I saw a doctor going into her room.

4) When I was going out, it began to rain.

5) The armymen had been marching all day and their uniforms were green.

6) I was born and grew up in the town of Yidu in 1953.

 

8. 不合英语表达习惯

[误]The price of oil is more expensive than before.

[正]The price of oil is higher than before.

[析]英语中价格只有高低(high/ low)，商品才有贵贱(expensive/ cheap)。写作中，不少学生受汉语思维方式、表达习惯、文化习俗的影响，写出许多不符合英语表达习惯的句子。要避免此类错误的发生，平时训练就要多比较、归纳英汉两种语言在表达方式上的差异。

[巩固练习8]

1) China’s population is the most in the world.

2) Zhang Hang studies in Jiangxi Province, Wanzai County, Kangle High School.

3) Li Ping has four classes in the morning. Afternoon has two classes.

4) Since the telephone was invented, people’s life has taken place great changes.

5) My parents both don’t like to go to the cinema, I also don’t.

6) Everywhere can see red flowers and green grass.

7) Today there are still some students don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8) If use your head, this problem can be solved quickly.

9) Is your work busy?

10) Your student has gone to a work post.

11) It’s he suggested that I write to you.

12) Modern science technology development makes society great changes.

13) After graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

 

9. 句子缺乏统一性

[误]To control the birth rate in the world, scientists are looking for new sources of energy.

[正]To control the birth rate in the world, all the governments must take strict and effective measures.

[析]错句前后两部分意思无关紧要，违背了统一性原则。统一性要求一个句子必须表达一个单一的完整思想。如果把不相连的思想放在同一句子里或一个句子表达的思想不完整，就破坏了句子统一性原则。

[巩固练习9]

1) Being an honest man, Mr Wang worked very hard.

2) Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must be prevented from watching TV.

3) Henry was ill and it was the reason why he was absent so long.

4) My niece is not good at maths and seldom comes to see me, and she got married last week.

5) This mountain is six thousand feet high, and it is only four miles from the airport, and the field is not a very large one, but no plane has ever crashed on it.

 

10. 句子缺乏连贯性

连贯性是指句子无论长短，在安排上要合乎逻辑，衔接自然，使句内语义关系明确，让人一目了然。学生习作中不连贯的句子主要包括垂悬修饰语、指代不清、未用过渡性词语、非平行结构和语义不完整的分割短句等方面的错误。

[误]My best friend in high school was our English teacher. Her name was Gao Hui. She taught us English for three years.

[正]My best friend in high school was our English teacher, Gao Hui, who taught us English for three years.

[析]原句把一个简单的思想内容各列成三个短句来表达，尽管这些句子语法正确，但不连贯，显得乏力。

[巩固练习10]

1) Rose is in love with John, John is in love with Mary.

2) Tom wrote a quick note. It was to Nancy. She was his friend.

3) Speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook.

4) She likes to play tennis and watching basketball games.

5) He told my brother that he was wrong.

6) Every university has many rules and regulations and they must obey all of them.

7) I returned to my room. There was a note under my book. It was from Jack. He said he was in the city looking for a job. He hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me.

 

Part Two:  BBC English

Video Games in 3D

Glossary  词汇表

 

key trend – 主要潮流 muscle in – 强行挤入（行业） don – 戴上 sketchy – 概略的，不详细的 projection – 投影 orientation – 方向 tilt – 倾斜 backwards compatible – 向后兼容 control pad – 控制板 manufacturers – 制造商

adoption – 应用，采用 handheld console – 掌上游戏机 enhanced – 增强的，加强的 speculated – 猜测，推测 work out – 计算出 perspective – 景观，角度 tradeshow – 商业展销会 do away with – 不需要 motion-sensitive – 动作感应 broadcasters – 广播公司

 

 

I..Listening Quiz   ( true or false? )

1. The new Nintendo console is a portable one.   

2. You need to wear special glasses to play this machine. 

3. The new console will be on sale in the summer.  

4. You won't be able to play old games on it.  

5. Sony and Microsoft are also planning new innovations. 

II. Fill in the blanks according to the grammatical context and try to translate the underlined sentences.

It seems     1    the key trend in the entertainment industry these days is the adoption of 3D.

_   2      (Follow) the success of 3D films such     3    Avatar and Alice in Wonderland, the video game business is keen to muscle in on the action with Nintendo(任天堂) announcing the forthcoming launch of a 3D version of its DS handheld console.

According to the Nintendo president, game players will not need to wear the special glasses    4    cinema goers are forced to don in order to enjoy the enhanced experience.

So     5    will it work?

At the moment the details are very sketchy,    6    some commentators评论员 have speculated that the 3D effect will in fact be a sense of depth rather    7    a forward projection.

A recent game    8     （release） in Japan entitled(=named) 3D Hidden Image may offer a clue as to    9     we can expect from the new console.

The game makes use of the DSi’s front camera to work out the console’s

orientation and adjusts the perspective of the onscreen images accordingly. Players then tilt the DSi to find      10    (hide) items.

More details about the new system       11     (expect) to be revealed in the summer at the E3 tradeshow in Los Angeles, however Nintendo has said that existing DS games will be backwards compatible.

2010 looks set to be an exciting year for video game enthusiasts       12    Microsoft launching a new camera-based system for the Xbox 360 which will do away with the need for a control pad, while Sony will release   13   new motion-sensitive controller system in the autumn.

And even    14    you don't play video games, you can still expect more 3D entertainment in the home    15     many manufacturers are selling 3D television sets and broadcasters lining up to offer 3D channels.

 

 

 

 

 

Keys:

Part one  

[答案1]  1) were→was  2) have→has 3) its→their   4) hurries→hurried       5) →He lived in the countryside for two years, and he always remembered his life there. 写作中，同一主语和语态最好贯彻到底，不要随意地忽而主动语态，忽而被动语态。

6) won’t→shouldn’t 语气一致        7) time→times

[答案2]1) against→is against   2) →She often goes to school by bus.     3) past→passed     4) careful→carefully  5) Asia→Asian  6) Fortunate→Fortunately  7) down→jumped down

[答案3]  1)去掉again    2) 去掉more      3)去掉future       4)去掉go to，因为hurry to本身具有“匆忙去”之意5)去掉it        6)去掉by himself 7)去掉a.m.或in the morning  8)去掉with fear  9)去掉in，last month/year/week； next month/year/week； every month/year/week前均不加介词in

10)去掉it，too…句式中主语是不定式的宾语时，不定式宾语要省略

[答案4]1)→A person will not have a healthy body if he has not enough food.

2)→Although I am tired, I must go on working.

3)→Because China is still a developing country, most people can not afford a car yet.

4)→If you use your head, you’ll find a way./ Use your head, and you’ll find a way.

5)→The teacher spoke slowly in order that/ so that the students might understand her.

6)→I arrived at the station after the train had left./ When I arrived at the station, the train had left.

7)→We all went home after the picnic because it had started to rain.

8)→We were looking for your new coat, but we could not find it.

9)→The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow./ The sun warms the earth and this makes it possible for plants to grow.

10)→His bedroom seemed empty and there were only two chairs, a small desk and a bed.

[答案5]1)→China is no longer what she used to be.

2)→Although he is ten years old, this little boy plays the piano very well.

3)→The picture is about a poor little boy who lived in old China.

4)→The person who came to see me that afternoon is an old friend of mine.

5)→I can’t imagine what life would be like if we hadn’t any TV sets.

6)→One will feel lonely without a friend.

[答案6]1)spends→takes/ →We spend 15 minutes going to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2)→I hope that you will become a lawyer./ I wish you to become a lawyer.3)forgot→left “遗忘某物在某处”不可用forget，应用leave 4)firmly→clearly 汉语中可以讲“牢牢记住”，但英语中firmly却不可与remember搭配。常和remember搭配的副词有clearly，perfectly，thoroughly等

5)borrow→lend   6) raise→improve 7)live→stay live表示“在某处居住”，病人“住院”用stay

8)此句应该用具体词却误用了概括词，应将animal改为lion，tiger等

[答案7]1)→Many Americans are tall.                         2)→Most of the birds can fly.

3)→She must be ill, for I saw a doctor going into her room.  because表直接原因，表示的原因和产生的结果有必然的因果关系。原句意思是：她生病是因为医生走进了她的房间。这是不合逻辑的。改成for引起的分句是对前句作推测性解释。4)→I was going out when it began to rain. 我正要出门，这时天突然下起雨来。分析原句得出这一结论：天要在我准备外出时下雨。 这是不符合逻辑的。5)→The armymen had been marching all day, and their uniforms were dusty. 原句“行军与军衣颜色”逻辑上无必然联系。

6)→I was born in 1953 and grew up in the town of Yidu. 原句时间概念不清。

[答案8]1)→China’s population is the largest/ highest in the world.

2)→Zhang Hang studies in Kangle High School, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province.

3)→Li Ping has four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.

4)→Since the telephone was invented, great changes have taken place in people’s life.

5)→Neither of my parents likes to go to the cinema. Nor do I.

6)→Everywhere you can see red flowers and green grass.

7)→Today some students still don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8)→If you use your head, you can quickly solve this problem.

9)→Are you busy with your work?   10)→Your student has gone to work.

11)→It’s he who suggested that I (should) write to you.

12)→The development of modern science and technology has brought about great social changes.

13)→After graduating / he graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

[答案9]1)→Being an honest man, Mr Wang never tells a lie to his students.2)→Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must prevent their children from watching TV.

3)→The reason why Henry was absent so long was that he was ill./ Henry was absent for such a long time because he was ill. 不对等的意思不要用等立连词。

4)→My niece got married last week. 过多的细节会使读者抓不住主要思想。

5)→Although this mountain is six thousand feet high and only four miles from the small airport, no plane has ever crashed on it. 这里一系列并列句显得很单调，表达不出彼此间的关系，破坏了统一性原则。

[答案10]1)→Rose is in love with John, but John is in love with Mary.

2)→Tom wrote a quick note to Nancy, his friend. 3)→When I was speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook. speaking的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，产生“垂悬”修饰语。

4)→She likes playing tennis and watching basketball games. 两个平行的思想to play tennis和watching basketball games用了不同的结构，破坏了句子的连贯性。5)→ “I am wrong,” he said to my brother./ He said to by brother, “You are wrong.”6) they→the students, 代词they无指代对象。

7)→When I returned to my room, I found a note from Jack under my book. He said he was in the city looking for a job, but he hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me. 此段出现了一连串的短句，这些短句提供的信息量小，语义支离破碎，缺乏连贯性。

 

Part Two  BBC

TFFFT

1. that  2. Following  3. as   4. that/ which  5. how  6. but  7. than  8. released  9. what  10. hidden  11. are expected  12. with  13. a  14. if  15. as / because