时光倒流之349——三值逻辑(王文芳)与从理想行动者推出道德规范(MichealSmith)

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三值逻辑王文芳micheal-smith从存在到规范行动主体 |
上个星期,分析哲学论坛请来两位重量级人物,周二是台湾阳明大学的王文芳老师,周五与周六是普林斯顿大学的Micheal
Smith教授。
前者讲龙树《中论》中四句偈的逻辑,他认为是三值逻辑(而不是Priest所讲的四值逻辑),其实是从世俗谛与圣义谛两个不同的维度来看世间的事物,即有(e),(e,t), (e,f),“e”代表“空”,“不可说”;“t”代表真;"f"代表假。王文芳老师还从《中论》中找到其他一些四句偈来证明认为龙树的思维是四值逻辑的想法是错误的。最根本的,是王老师对佛教的理解是精湛的,这是最关键的地方,也是令人钦佩之处。
2017 Micheal Smith:
https://www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/john-locke-lectures#collapse386371
http://s6/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1nzPmtb5&690
http://s4/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1oZI9da3&690
http://s14/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1qJEEBcd&690
http://s9/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1t2G8078&690
http://s14/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1ukdtjad&690
http://s8/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1vRRiLc7&690
http://s7/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1xE2QCb6&690
http://s15/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1z1GkSfe&690
http://s7/small/001NSUgRzy7pb1DCEnQc6&690
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'A Standard of Judgement'
“Here is the beginning of philosophy: a recognition of the conflicts between men, a search for their cause, a condemnation of mere opinion…and the discovery of a standard of judgment.”–Epictetus, Discourses, II:11
Abstract
How much can we learn from the armchair? The answer turns out to be quite a lot. The aim is to show how it is possible for us to to know, from the armchair, that we are agents in a spatio-temporal world that may well contain other agents; that there are things that we ought to do simply in virtue of being agents; that many of these things correspond to what we ordinarily take to be moral requirements; that there may well be other things we ought to do that correspond to what we ordinarily take to be requirements of love and friendship, and that these nearly always have, but are not exhausted by, a moral dimension; and that there may well be yet other things still that we ought to do that express the interests we have in art objects and aspects of nature. When we leave the armchair and remind ourselves that we are embodied human beings who live among others in a complex physical and social world, we further discover that we are typically subject to all of these requirements, and we also discover, disappointingly, that we have a limited capacity to act in accordance with them. This sets the scene for a number of practical problems. We solve some of these problems by developing and exercising our capacity for self-control, and we solve others by cooperating with other agents to develop and implement formal and informal ways of regulating our interactions with each other and with the non-agential parts of the world.
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