Step 3: Site Selection      
步骤三 场地选择
翻译:张旭

Choosing a site for your golf course can make or break a project. The process of uation is multifaceted and there will often be a several options each with a different level of viability and appeal - both objective and subjective.
选择一块场地是一个项目成败的关键。评价的标准是多方面的，不同的主客观观点的选择都是不一样的。
Site Selection Criteria
场地选择的依据
Economic Criteria - determined by a feasibility and market study. Criteria include:
经济依据---取决于可行性和市场调研。其中包括：
Accessible location
可以拿到的场地位置
Acceptable land costs
可以接受的土地价格
Manageable development costs
开发管理费用
Ability to support all project components (i.e. - development, recreation, regulatory constraints, circulation and infrastructure)
支持所有项目组成部分的能力（例如：开发，娱乐，约束限制，运转和基础建设）

A standard 18-hole golf course site needs about 150 acres of usable land. Flat is better than too steep, but gently rolling is best. Fan or rectangular-shaped land nicely allows for returning nines.
一个标准低的18洞高尔夫球场需要150英亩可供使用的土地。平地要比陡峭的要好，但是有所起伏是最好的。方形或长方形的土地比较好，这样可以九个洞一来回。
Generally, a 20-acre contiguous piece of land is needed for the clubhouse site, 1st and 10th tees, 9th and 18th greens and the practice range. The site should allow for orientation away from the sun when starting, finishing and practicing.
一般来说，需要一块相邻的20英亩的地块来做会所，1号，10号发球台；9号，18号果岭和练习场。在开始、结束和练习时，这块场地要远离太阳的方向。
Typically, architects and developers strive for a nice panoramic view from the clubhouse. Outstanding natural site features separate a great site from a good one. Simply put, the more and the bigger the better.
典型的来讲，设计师和开发商都想从会所争取到一个好的的全景。非常出色的自然景观隔开球场与会所。简单来讲，从会所看得越开阔，越大，越好。
All sites possess their own positive and negative characteristics. Site analysis by a golf course architect will lead to the selection of a site best-suited for quality golf.
所有的场地都有其优势与短处。高尔夫球场设计师的场地分析将决定选择的场地是否可以建造为一个高质量的球场。

Physiographical Criteria - includes study of the natural opportunities and/or constraints of the site. These include:
地形依据-包括分析场地的自然优势和限制，有以下几点：
Topography
地形
Soils
土壤
Water
水源
Vegetation
植被
Wildlife
野生动物
Site drainage
场地排水
Site Governance - the site must also be considered for its:
场地支配---场地必须考虑以下几方面：
Regulatory restrictions
法规限制
Property size and shape
场地大小与形状
Existing utilities and structures
现有的功能区与建筑物
Off-Site Issues - factor into an acceptable site as well. The project team must consider potential:
场地以外问题---影响被选择场地的因素。项目团队必须考虑潜在的：
Air traffic空中交通
Noise噪音
Views视线
Odors 气味
The golf course architect plays an important role in selecting the construction site or uating alternative sites. The architect can quickly assess whether a prospective site has the necessary character for a golf course. Some of the most desirable features include rolling hills and interesting landscape, which minimizes earthmoving, thus resulting in reduced construction costs.
球场设计师在选择建造场地和评价场地中的作用很大。设计师可以很快评估出一块潜在的场地是否有球场所需要的特征。我们最期望的特点就是起伏的山丘，有趣的景观，可以最大限度的减少土方的搬运，以降低建造成本。
Also, environmental issues such as wetlands must be considered. The site must be suited to allow an environmentally responsible approach to the development of the new golf course. In addition, two more important natural factors in site selection are drainage and soil condition. Drainage and quality topsoil are essential to growth of the fine turf.
还有，环境问题如湿地也是必须要考虑的。必须找出一个不破坏原有环境的方法，来开发新的高尔夫球场。另外，排水和土壤状况是在选择场地时必须要考虑的自然因素。排水和表土对将来草坪的生长非常重要。
Other key components in site selection are the ease of utility connections and accessibility to the new project. Power and potable water must be available for the clubhouse and maintenance facility. Obviously, the proposed course must be well-situated to attract golfers of all skill levels. Accessibility to major population centers and thoroughfares is most desirable. A civil engineer, land planner, developer, contractor, golf course architect and/or golf course operator may also be needed for site selection to provide perspective to economic and physiographical criteria.
在选在场地时，比较重要的组成部分就是现有基础设施与对新建项目联通。会所和维保中心必须要考虑水电的供应。很明显，筹集的项目必须吸引不同水平的球手。接近于人口中心或街道是最好的。市政工程师，选择场地时需要市政工程师，土地规划员，开发商，承包商，设计师，球场管理人员参与进来，参考他们的不同观点。
Suggested References
推荐参考
Golf Has Never Failed Me
高尔夫从来没有让我失望
By Donald Ross
作者：唐纳德 罗斯

Golf Architecture in America
美国高尔夫球场建筑
By George C. Thomas
作者：乔治 托马斯
Golf Course Design（这本书国内有中译本，比较有参考价值，有兴趣的可以买来看看）
高尔夫球场设计
By Bob Graves & Geoffrey Cornish
作者：鲍勃 格雷夫和杰弗瑞 科雷尼什
Golf Course Architecture: Design, Construction & Restoration
高尔夫球场建筑 设计 建造  改造
By Dr. Michael Hurdzan
作者：迈克尔 赫德赞博士
Golf Course Development in Residential Communities
住宅区的高尔夫球场开发
By Urban Land Institute

Golf Course Developments
高尔夫球场开发
By Urban Land Institute

Golf Course Design & Construction: Guidelines for Designing and Building Regulation 9 & 18-hole Golf Courses
高尔夫球场设计建造：设计规划与9洞或18洞球场的一般建造
Developing Golf Courses on Landfills, Strip Mines & Other Unusual Locations
垃圾填埋区，废矿区和特殊区域的球场开发

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