1.    to generalize the gramma this week

Last week, Beatrice had taught us the 13 kinds of auxiliaries.

In this week’s class, we have a detail about them.

Because there are too many uses of the 13 auxiliaries, so I make a form to give a brief view.

 

Auxiliaries	Non-epistemic	Epistemic
Can/could	Ability/permission	possibility
May/might	permission	possibility
Will/would	willingless	prediction
Should/ought to	obiligation	necessity
must	obiligation	necessity

 

 

 

2.    Chosen exercises

 

1. replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

John is capable of tying very fast.

John is able to type very fast.

Be able to 与 can 表示能力的时候同义，在许多情况下可以交替使用。

2.   replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

I know how to answer the question now.

I can answer the question now.

Can 表示现在的能力时，既可表示做某桩具体事件的能力，也可泛指一般的能力。

 

3.   replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

I was never able to understand a word he said.

I could not understand a word he said.

表示过去的能力，可用could, was/ were able to ，但在肯定句中，could所表示的能力仅是泛指过去一般的能力。

4.   replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

It is just possible that what you say is true.

What you say can be true.

Can和may 都可以表示可能性，但是两者是有巨大的差别的。Can表示的可能往往指逻辑上的可能性，而用may表示可能则指事实上的可能性。

5.     replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

Would you like to have a seat ?

Can / could you have a seat?

请求对方许可可用can, could, may, might. Could, might表达的较为婉转，更有礼貌。

 

6.  replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

You are prohibited from smoking here.

You may not smoke here.

May not 表示一般的不许可，这里的不许可表示根据一般规定的不许可，而不是说话人不许可。也can not是有相当大的不同的。

 

7.   replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

Yes, I am sure that it is the one.

Yes, it should be this one.

Should在口气上带有更多的主观信心，从而在表示强烈的劝说和敦促时，往往用should.

                                

8.   replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

I advise you to read this book.

You must read this book.

用must表示敦促，命令时，在口气上比should更加强烈，这意味着这说话人是权威的一方对人对己都适用。

 

9.        replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

Grandfather had gotten into a habit of sitting in that chair for hours.

Grandfather used to sit in that chair for hours.

因为句子的语态是过去完成时，所以这里用used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现在已经不复存在。

10.     replace each of the italicized parts by an appropriate modal auxiliary + infinitive :

Someone keeps putting his coat on my peg.

Someone will put his coat on my peg.

表示决心，即坚持要做某事，就用will, would, shall, 均需重读，且不能用缩略形式。

 

3.    Time for TEM—4

 

1.  What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?
A. to take      B. take       C. taking         D. to be taking

Answer: C

非谓语动词题。How about是征询意见，后接名词或动名词。

 

2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.
A. could have been               B. would'be
C. will be                        D. would have been

Answer: B

本句是对现在情况进行虚拟，条件从句中用过去时，这里是be的过去时were，而主句中谓语用would+动词原形，这里是would be。

 

3.  She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.
A. had been          B. must be        C. has been        D. must have been

Answer: D

Must表示的是很有把握的推断，本句是对她过去年龄的肯定判断，所以用must have done。

 

4.  _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.
A. Whatever       B. Whenever       C. Whichever       D. However

Answer: A

状语从句题。本句中whatever相当于 no matter what，引导让步状语从句。

 

5. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.
A. the price of three times                B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price        D. three times more than the price

Answer: B

这里的倍数表达方法是：主语+谓语+倍数+the size of ,是固定用法。

 

6. I was very interested in _____ she told me.
A. all that         B. all which          C. all what            D. that

Answer: A

本句主句的宾语是all,而that she told me是all的定语从句。

 

7. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.
A. strange why                    B. it strange what                                      C. it strange that                D. that strange

Answer: C

这句句子中it是 consider的形式宾语，真正的宾语是that he should have left without telling anyone beforehand，而 strange是宾语补足语。

 

8. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.
A. So is it.       B. So it is.          C. So it does.       D. So does it.

Answer: B

So+ 主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容，意为是的，对，的确如此。

 

9.  Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.
A. she cared       B. she may care       C. may she care       D. did she care

Answer: D

句子部分倒装，只需要将did提前就可以了。

 

10.  The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.
A. when          B. as             C. until             D. than

Answer: D

固定搭配。No sooner …than意为刚刚。。。就，一般用来描述做过的事情。

 

4.     the summary of this week’s learning

鉴于情态助动词有13个，这其中的意思，搭配甚是复杂，我以前乐得不去搞清楚，每每做题多是凭语感，这个礼拜的课笔记也记得最多，虽然现在看看还是会有点混淆，但是我相信只要把Beatrice上课给我们的笔记仔仔细细的看上几遍，基本就能搞清这13个助动词之间的差别了。当然我在概括中列的那个表格也十分重要，一定要记住！！！