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为啥我总分不清那些长得很像的单词？
(2016-07-20 19:36:46)
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同源词指南：如何理解同源词和使用它们
在英文中，有很多单词都是同源词，他们有时候会让人混淆。其他语言也有同源词，但是没有像英文中的这么多。那么现在就来我们看一下英文中基本的同源词，来理解一下他们的含义。之后我们会给大家归纳汇总列出一些常用同源词
这是本文作者，italki用户
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定义同源词
其实同源词这个概念已经不再时兴。这些所谓的同源词已经被逐渐归纳进另一类更宽泛的领域“confusing words” （令人混淆的词语），这类词汇极容易被混淆，连母语英语的人也是如此，所以我们这些学英语的外国人就不必觉得因为混淆他们而丢脸了。
如果我们查字典，会发现对于同源词的定义有三种。下面大家看一下：
• 一个单词由另一个单词衍生而来。双方含有共同词根并且意思相近。比如：“adult” 和 “adulthood.”
一个“adult”是指一个已经到达法定成人年龄的人。而“adulthood”是指已经成人的状态。
•
•
一个具有其他单词发音的词汇，而且具有类似其他单词的拼写，但是拼写不一样。这类单词也被叫做“近同音词”。比如词汇“accept”和“except”，在句中
“John will accept all of the chores he was given, except for
cleaning out the garage”一样。
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学习同源词
学习同源词没有“神秘方法”，你必须要像学习其他单词一样学习他们，学习他们的拼写，定义，正确使用他们在口语和写作中的用法。不幸的是，在你学习英语的时候，你可能会偶然遇见这些令你头疼的同源词，不过不要害怕，只要你好好学习并攻克他们就好。
这里给大家学习同源词最好的建议就是用笔记本整理归纳总结他们。或者更好的方法是用电脑数字文件夹来收纳这些同源词，并以他们的首大写字母为顺序给他们排序。这样一来当你想找某一同源词的时候你就可以很快通过它的首字母来找到它了。
常用同源词
下面这个说明指南，可以帮助你学习那些日常生活中最常用的同源词，在这里你可以看见不同类别的同源词和他们对应的解释。
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Artist: a person skilled in one of the fine
arts.
“The artist had a showing of his work in a gallery.”
Artisan: a craftsman.
“Bricklaying is a job for a true artisan.”
Artistic: creative or related to art.
“The new garden has an artistic flair.”
Artful: clever.
“The artful magician fooled us all.”
Confident: sure of oneself.
“He was totally confident that he could win the race.”
Confidant: someone trusted with a secret.
“Her best friend was also her confidant.”
Child: a young person.
“The child loved her new puppy.”
Childish: like a child. Used as a criticism of
someone.
“His display of anger was childish.”
Childlike: innocent.
“Her childlike love for merry-go-rounds was
refreshing.”
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Collision: crash.
“The car collision tied up the highway for an hour.”
Collusion: secret agreement, usually sneaky or
illegal.
“The collusion between the two witnesses was discovered.”
Dependent: relying on someone or something.
“She was dependent on her husband for everything.”
Dependant: a person who is dependent.
“She claimed him as a dependant on her tax return.”
Effect: a result of something.
“The effect of the new law was disastrous.”
Affect: to cause an effect or change.
“How will this new law affect our street repairs?”
Effective: having a good effect.
“The new law was effective in getting the streets repaired quickly.”
Graceful: elegant or beautiful.
“The dancer’s movements were graceful.”
Gracious: kind and welcoming.
“He was a gracious host to us.”
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Honorary: a position that is unpaid or given as an honor,
without the usual requirements.
“He was an honorary member of our club.”
Honorable: ethical, with principle.
“The man was honorable and lived up to his end of the agreement.”
Human: member of the human race.
“She was the only human on the island.”
Humane: kind.
“Her treatment of the animals was so humane.”
Industrious: hard working.
“Only an industrious person would be able to complete this project on time.”
Industrial: referring to manufacturing.
“The industrial revolution changed society forever.”
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Lovable: worthy of love.
“The puppy was a lovable little creature.”
Lovely: beautiful, very nice.
“It was a lovely wedding.”
Momentous: important.
“The treaty signing was a momentous occasion.”
Momentary: very short.
“His happiness was only momentary because the pain came right back.”
Negligent: careless.
“He was negligent about locking the door and a thief got in.”
Negligible: unimportant or small.
“The damage from the storm was negligible.”
Memorable: worth remembering.
“The concert was memorable.”
Memorial: a tribute for someone who has died.
“The memorial service for the dead pilot was emotional.”
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Popular: well-liked.
“Jeans are a popular form of dress at ball games.”
Populous: heavily populated.
“The city of New York is populous.”
Sensible: rational.
“It was a sensible idea to carpool to the event.”
Sensitive: easily affected.
“Her skin was very sensitive to the sun, so she had to use a lot of sun block.”
Universe: everything in space.
“Our universe is a vast, unexplored place.”
Universal: affecting everyone.
“The effect of climate change is universal.”
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Refuge: a shelter.
“He found refuge in an abandoned cabin during the storm.”
Refuse: to not accept something.
“I refuse to clean this room up again.”
Willing: ready.
“I am willing to go to the bank with you to fix this problem.”
Willful: determined.
“She was a willful child who would never stop once her mind was
made up to do something.”
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时间和足够的耐性。
上述我们说到连母语英文的人都会混淆同源词的拼写和使用，就更别提我们这些学习英文同源词的外国人了。要想学好这些同源词，我们必须花足够多的时间和精力。其实你学越多的英语，你越会发现你接触同源词的机会越多，所以不要担心，一步一步尽可能的学好他们。
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