基础英语2第五单元正文及解析
(2013-03-21 12:43:44)
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基础英语2解析正文第五单元教育 |
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Section One Pre-reading Activities
Watch a video and answer the following questions.
1. What did the mother mean at the end of the video ?
2. What do you know about the movie Forrest Gump?
(插入视频)
Script:
Doctor:
Mother:
Voiceover: Now, when I was a baby, Mama named me after the great Civil War hero General Nathan Bedford Forrest. She said we were related to him in some way. What he did was, he started up this club called the Ku Klux Klan. They’d all dress up in their robes and their bedsheets and act like a bunch of ghosts or spooks or something. They’d even put bedsheets on their horses and ride around. Anyway, that’s how I got my name — Forrest Gump. Mama said the Forrest part was to remind me that sometimes we all do things that, well, that just don’t make no sense.
Mother:
Voiceover:
Answers to the Questions:
1. She was trying to tell her boy that everybody should be treated equally, even for those who had some physical or intelligence problems.
2. Forrest Gump is a 1994 film based on Winston Groom’s 1986 novel of the same name. The film, directed by Robert Zemeckis, stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright Penn, and Gary Sinise. The story is of Forrest Gump, an ordinary man who comes from Alabama and his journey through life meeting historical figures, influencing popular culture, and experiencing firsthand historic events of the late 20th century.
1. Quote
I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.
It is hard to imagine that a blind old man should be willing and able to fix a car for someone else on a dark stormy night. This happened to the author, a crippled man who was afflicted by a progressive disease and who took others’ help for granted. Up to that day, the author had lived in disillusionment, self-pity, indifference and selfishness, as he was becoming increasingly feeble. He struggled to climb the fourteen steps every day only to hold on to his sanity, his wife, his home and his job. After he met the blind old man, it suddenly dawned on him that even a handicapped person was capable of performing an act of love for his fellow beings, and that was where the value of life lies.
1.
According to the development of the story, the text could be divided into four parts, each of which focuses on one topic. Respectively, these topics are about the author’s first life, his second life, his third life and his reflection on the auto-repair incident.
2.
Paragraphs |
Main ideas |
1-2 |
It depicts the author’s first phase of life in which he began to enjoy everything pleasant: excellent health, a good job, a nice house, a happy family and lovely daughters. |
3-5 |
The author describes his second life. Because of his disease, he became miserable and frustrated. |
6-8 |
The author’s third life began with the trouble of his car on the stormy night and he described the blind man’s magnanimous, selfless help. |
9-10 |
The author reflected on the incident and his life philosophy, from which he discovered the true value of life. |
Section Three Detailed Reading
Fourteen Steps
1
2
Words and Expressions
1. be inclined to: be likely to do sth. or tend to do sth.
2. follow one’s example: imitate
Synonym:
follow one’s lead
3. afflict vt. cause severe suffering or pain
Collocation:
Derivation:
afflictive a.
affliction n.
4. progressive a. developing gradually
Synonym: gradual
5. paralyzed: cause to be unable to move
6. peninsula: land surrounded mostly by water
7. motor nerves: a nerve that controls muscular movements
Sentences
Explanation: It is a proverb. Cats are very tough and seem able to survive accidents or hardships.
3
4
5
Words and Expressions
1. with the aid of: with the help of
2. install vt. set up
Derivation: installation n.
3. to a / some degree: partly
Synonym: in a sense, in some way
4. hobble vi. walk in an awkward way because one’s feet are injured
Synonym: limp
5. disillusioned a. disappointed
6. hold on to: keep one’s grip on; not let go of
7. lead up to: extend to
8. split-level: having floors at different heights
9. gauge: a standard dimension or quantity; a fact or event used for judging sb. or sth.
10. yardstick: a test or standard used in measurement, comparison, or judgment; sth. that you compare similar thing to as a way of judging their quality or value
11. utterly spent: completely / extremely tired
12. hobble: walk with difficulty
13. cripple: people unable to use their limbs or legs normally
14. frustrated: feeling disappointed, impatient or angry because of inability
Activity: Choose a word or phrase and change its form if necessary to fill in each blank in the following sentences.
with the aid of hold on to |
1. ____ your umbrella so that it won’t be blown away.
2. She was anxious to enlighten me about the events that _____ the dispute.
3. All the other teachers are thoroughly _____with their colleagues.
4. Some of the runners could only manage to ____ over the finishing line.
5. _____ the searching dog, the rescue team has rescued many people’s lives in the earthquake.
Sentences
2. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it — repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent, I would be through — I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. (Paragraph 4)
Translation: 我感到如果哪天我不能先抬起一只脚,另一只脚再痛苦地跟上,并把这一动作重复14次,直到疲惫不堪,那我就完了。这一天到来之时,就是我承认失败、倒下、死亡之时。
3. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage. (Paragraph 5)
Paraphrase:
Painfully
and bitterly, a disabled man hobbled around here. Owing to
the 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage,
the man could keep up to his
sanity and his wife and his home and his job.
Translation: 这是一个梦想破灭、痛苦失望的残疾人,他蹒跚着,正是因为有了这条从车库通向后门的可怕的14级台阶,他才能保持理智、陪伴妻子、维护家庭、坚持工作。
6
7
8
Words and Expressions
1. swerve vi. turn sharply and suddenly
Synonym: turn, change
2. sweep vi. to move, especially quickly and powerfully
Comparison:
clean-- the most
common word, clean a dirty place or dirty
object
clear--
to remove or get rid of whatever is blocking or filling something,
or to stop
being blocked or full
sweep-- give a
cleaning with a broom, sometimes used
figuratively
mop--
to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop
wipe--
to slide something, especially a piece of cloth, over the surface
of something else,
in order to remove dirt, food or liquid
scrub-- to rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap
and water
Exercise: Choose a word from the list and use its appropriate form to fill in the blanks:
clean |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3. dismiss vt.
1) refuse to accept that sth. might be true or important
2) formally ask or order someone to leave; fire
Derivation: dismissible a.
4. gusty: characterized by strong rushes of wind
5. slash: come down and cross violently and forcefully
6. jerk: pull suddenly and quickly
7. bang: a sudden loud noise
8. blowout: a sudden bursting of a tire
9. slick: smooth and slippery
10. enormity: a great deal (of difficulty)
11. thump: move forcefully or with a heavy deadened sound
12. dirt road: a road with a rough or loose surface
13. driveway: a road for vehicles that connects a house
14. honk: make a horn produce a sound
15. horn: an apparatus to produce a warning sound
16. flat tire: a tire without air
17. crutch: a stick for supporting a cripple to walk
18. bundle: dress or wrap in clothes
19. clank: a short loud sound
20. tilt: cause to slope
21. be all set: be ready or prepared
22. peer: look carefully searchingly and difficulty
Collocation: peer through / peer into
23. slacken vt. become slower or less active or less heavily
24. jack up: lift with a jack (a device for lifting heavy objects)
25. interval n. a period of time between activities
Collocation:
at intervals 不时,时时;每隔一段时间(距离)
at intervals of 相隔,每隔
Activity: Fill in each of the following blanks with a word or expression in its proper form.
at regular intervals
|
1. In the budget the chancellor is bound to____ the price of cigarettes.
2. _____ in heavy clothes, the pedestrians walked hurriedly against the piercing cold wind.
3. When no one answered the door, she ____through the window to see if anyone was there.
4. We see each other _____ — usually about once a month.
5. There’s often a long ___ between an author completing a book and it appearing in the shops.
26. frail a. weak and poor in health
e.g. A frail old woman with a walking stick came slowly down to the gate to meet us.
His frail arm could barely hold his plate.
27. charge n. the price that you have to pay for services or goods
Derivation: chargeable a.
Sentences
1. … gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. (Paragraph 6)
Paraphrase: Strong winds and heavy rain slammed the car when I drove slowly along the less-traveled roads.
Translation: 狂风阵阵,倾盆大雨敲打着车身,我缓缓地驾车沿着一条车辆罕至的公路行驶。
2. … the enormity of the situation swept over me. (Paragraph 6)
Paraphrase: … the seriousness of the situation gripped me.
Translation: ……坐在车内,我深感形势危急。
3. She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up. (Paragraph 7)
Translation: 老人用低沉的声音回应了她。随着千斤顶把汽车托起,车身缓慢地倾斜。
9
10
Words and Expressions
1. penetrate vt. enter, pass (into or through)
Derivation: penetration n. a movement into or through something or someone; insight
2. fumble vi. move the fingers in an attempt to do sth. awkwardly
3. overflow vi./vt. be so full that the contents go over the sides; be very full
Synonym: flood, fill
was filled to overflowing with:
4. indifference n. lack of interest, love, etc.
Derivation: indifferent a.
5. thoughtlessness n. the attitude of forgetting about the needs of other people
thoughtless a.
6. whatsoever: whatever
7. prophet: the second of the three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures
8. Scriptural admonition: cautionary advice in the Bible
Sentences
1. In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before. (Paragraph 9)
Paraphrase: I had never been so overwhelmed by shame and horror as I was in the next few seemingly never-ending seconds.
Translation: 接下来的几秒钟里,时间仿佛凝固了,那一刻羞愧与恐惧感将我穿透,那强烈的痛苦我从未感受过。
2. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness. (Paragraph 9)
Translation: 我意识到自己内心充满了自怜、自私和对别人需要的漠然与忽视。
3. “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.” (Paragraph 10)
Paraphrase: Therefore, do to other people whatever you would like them to do to you: because this is the regulation and principle.
Translation: 因此,无论你希望别人为你做什么,你都应先为别人做。因为这就是规则和先知。
IV Exercises for integrated skills
1. Dictation
With the invention of the radio, / newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed / would displace the newspaper industry altogether. /
Others hoped / that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listeners’ interest in the story, / so they’d buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. / However, this is not always the case. / Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, / the motion picture suffered greatly. / Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.
2. Cloze
It was very late at night on the eve of Memorial Day. A nice-looking white lady got on the subway train (1) with a baby on her right arm and two children after her. I saw her preparing to get off at the next station — which happened to be the place (2) where I had to get off. I could see the steep concrete stairs going up into the street. Should I offer my help (3) as the American white man had done? But how could I, a Negro, approach this white lady (4) who very likely might be prejudiced against Negroes?
What would she say? What would be the first reaction of this white lady? What would I do if she screamed (5) as I went toward her to offer my help? Was I misjudging her? So much is written every day in the daily press against Negroes. I hesitated for a long, long time. The traditional good manners were struggling (6) inside me. Here I was, hours past midnight, face-to-face with a situation (7) that could very well become an incident of prejudice caused by the unjust policy of our society today.
It was a long time. I passed on by her as (8) if I saw nothing. As if I didn’t see (9) that she needed help. I just moved on, half running, leaving the children and the woman (10) alone / behind.
VI Writing Practice
Paragraph development — Analogy
Writers very often explain something that is new or difficult by comparing it to something that the reader already knows well. When such a comparison is carried through in detail, we call it an analogy.
Creative analogies are always impressive and inspiring. They arouse readers’ interest and make them want to read more. Some analogies may appear strange and weird at first sight, but they can open our minds to see our subject in new and interesting ways.
Exercises: Write two paragraphs based on the following topic sentences with the analogy strategy.
1. Elderly people are like babies.
Ideas for reference:
They need the care and intervention of others.
They rely on their families for emotional support.
Sample:
Elderly people are like babies. Babies come into the world with no teeth, the elderly leave with no teeth too. The most obvious similarity between elderly people and babies is that they need the care and intervention of others. They may depend upon someone for something as simple as moving from place to place. Many elderly people and infants cannot walk without assistance. A person weak with age may sit in a wheelchair all day and require others to push them. Most importantly, they both need others’ extra attention. They are not so socially active so they rely more on their families for emotional support. Babies and old people, you have to love them, they are the most lovable people in the world.
…………
Elderly people are like babies. First of all, elderly people are physically vulnerable just like babies. They are so easily taken ill whenever the weather changes drastically. When a cold wave strikes, elderly people are as likely to catch a cold as babies do and they may also have blood pressure problems or even develop other more serious conditions. Second, many people of advanced ages seem to return to the state of ignorance typical of the naïve child. That is why we have come across so many stories of criminal frauds that have victimized retired, elderly people. Last but not least, elderly people need their adult children’s extra attention just as much as babies want their parents’ love and care. They are no longer as socially active as they used to by; they rely ever more on their families for emotional support. However, in many domestic situations, they feel left out, and even deliberately ignored. When they are in emotional trouble, they are not able to handle it effectively and skillfully. They want their children’s company as much as their children’s babies, but in most cases they are too proud to say so.
2. Finding the right major is like finding the right person to marry.
Ideas for reference:
They both take two parties to make work.
Love really counts when we decide on the choice.
They are both hard to find.
Sample:
Finding the right major is like finding the right person to marry. A marriage takes two parties to make it work. Likewise, a successful college education depends on the relationship between the student and the major that they choose. The branch of learning that can supposedly prepare one for the financially most rewarding job is not necessarily the best choice for a particular person. Similarly, the most intelligent student is very often not among the right people to take the most competitive major. Just as in marriage, love really counts when we decide on the choice of major. Only when we have a passion for the particular field of knowledge will we be able to come out as excellent students and then start a highly profitable or emotionally rewarding career. Finding the right college major can also be as hard as finding the right person to marry. As much as appearances can be deceptive in relationships, many academic subjects can look appealing but often turn out to be most boring. So it is sensible for a college student to open their eyes wide when they shop around for the right major before they make up their minds.
VII Listening Exercises
A.
a.
The third man in less than a month suffering from amnesia was found yesterday in Skipton, about 55 miles from Leeds. A police spokesman told reporters that the man had been wandering the hills for days. His wallet contained money, but no identification.
Report A is wrong for three reasons: the man was found in Grassington, not in Skipton; the reporter said he had no wallet on him; and the police didn’t know for sure if he had been wandering the hills or not.
b.
A middle-aged man found wandering in a village in Yorkshire suffering from amnesia said he couldn’t remember anything. Police describe him as about 55, about six feet tall, with grey hair, grey beard and glasses.
Report B corresponds best. Nothing in it contradicts the radio news item.
c.
A 55-year-old blind man was found yesterday wandering the hills near Grassington in Yorkshire. Well dressed, and apparently well educated, he is suffering from severe amnesia.
Report C is wrong for two reasons: the man was not blind, and he was not found wandering the hills.
d.
Yorkshire police have appealed to the public to help identify a tall man who drove into a Yorkshire village suffering from shock. When he arrived, he was wearing a black suit and a grey shirt.
Report D is wrong for three reasons: he did not drive into the village, he was not suffering from shock, and he was not wearing a black suit and a grey shirt.
B.
1. where the man was found. In the village of Grassington.
2. what he was suffering from. Amnesia.
3. why he couldn’t be identified. He had no means of identification on him.
4. what the police inspector said the man was wearing.
5. what the inspector said they would be issuing. A photograph of the man.
6. what the inspector said they thought the man might have been doing.
He might have been wandering around the hills.
7. what the inspector said they would surely do.
They would of course check the “Missing Persons” files.
8. who the inspector said they would have to rely on. The public.
9. what Mr. X told the reporter. How he felt.
10. what the reporter said about further news.
They would bring us further news on this mysterious case when they can.
C.
Script
Newsreader:
yesterday wandering around the village of Grassington in Yorkshire suffering from amnesia. A report from Ron Warrington in Leeds.
Warrington:
Grassington, about 8 miles from Skipton, and 35 from Leeds, drew the attention of villagers and greatly disturbed the local police. For this man is the third person suffering from amnesia to be found in this area in the past month. This man, like the previous two, had no means of identification on him — no wallet, no money, no papers, nothing — and all of the labels in his clothes had been cut out. One villager told me that the man was wandering around like a blind man: he had to be led to a house while someone phoned for the police, she said. When I interviewed the local Inspector of Police, he had this to say:
Police
inspector:
Warrington:
Man:
be single, I might be married and have three or four children. I should probably be at work somewhere right now. But I just don’t know. I simply have to find out something about myself. It’s like living in a dream world. It’s horrible …
Warrington:
Warrington, Yorkshire.