动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份 （一）

一、动词-ing形式做主语

1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调：现在分词做主语时谓语一律用单数。

Eg: Talking is an art.

Eg: Tearning English well is not easy.

2、it做形式主语的情况

It’s no good/use doing sth. 做``````是没有用的

It’s useful/useless doing   做``````是有/没有用的

There is no `````````doing sth.

Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result.

Eg: It is no good playing games.

二、动词-ing形式做表语

动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。

1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。（主语和表语的位置可以互换）

Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.

Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits.

Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task.

与现在进行时的区别：

He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he)

2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与主语互换。

系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。

Eg: This film is interesting.

Eg: Today’s weather is nice.

Eg: The song sounds good.

(主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的)

三、动词-ing形式做宾语

1、作动词的宾语

   某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。

  allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\

Eg: I tried to avoid making mistakes.

Eg: I suggest having a rest.

2、作介词的宾语

是一些固定的短语搭配：be/ get/ become used to习惯于, look forward to, insist on, be succed in, be fond of, be interested in, be worth, devote```to, stick to, lead to and so on.

Eg: The book is worth reading.

Eg: I am used to getting up early.

四、作宾语补足语

1、动词-ing形式可以在感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。（表示动作的正在进行，状态正在持续）

Eg: I watched a student picking peaches when I crossed the school.

Eg: When I came into classroom, I heard someone singing.

3、动词-ing形式也可以用在使役动词have\ get\ leave\ keep\set\ send等动词后作宾语补足语。

（宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。）

Eg: Don’t have your students doing homework all the time.

五、动词-ing形式做定语

1、表示被修饰词的某种用途,一般放在所修饰词的前面。

阅览室 reading room                     吸烟室 smoking room 

洗衣机 washing machine                  写字台 writing desk

3、起形容词作用的动词-ing作定语时，含有主动和进行的意思。

(1) 单个的分词放在所修饰名词的前面

    Eg: I walked quietly in order not to wake the sleeping bird.

(2) 短语放在所修饰的名词后面

Eg: I know the bird sleeping in the tree.---------I know the bird which is sleeping in the tree.

Eg: It lived in a tree facing my house.----------It lived in a tree which faced my house.