第六课 高考英语之通览一

英语学习的关键是兴趣，只有感兴趣才能记得住，学得会。而感兴趣的前提是消除畏难心理，有一种求知的满足感。

试以虚拟语气的讲解为例来说明如何增加学习者的学习兴趣。

一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气，分为和现在、过去、将来的事实相反；I am not free today. If I were free today, I would go and visit some of my friends. /If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. /If I were to see Tom, what would you ask me to tell him? 观察这三个句子可以总结出相应的语法。“假如”在汉语里是不是也有后退一步的含义？有人邀请你做某事，你不愿意去或真的不能去，于是你说：“如果我有时间，我一定去拜访我的朋友们。”这是对不真实的情况进行阐述，英语里为了突出这一不真实性，使用了虚拟语气，在意义的理解上，并不比汉语多了些什么，只是形式上更明确。因为英语存在时态的形式化句型，所以有了对过去、将来事实的虚拟形式化句型，理解“非真实条件”的情况下记住几种句式的关键部分即可。

二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气，wish + (that)+did(were)，wish + (that)+had done，wish + would/could/might + do，表示与事实相反的愿望，属于于事无补的慨叹，“要是如何该多好”，真是悔不当初。I wish I had insisted my opinion when I worked with them.另外有should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有：一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command; 三条建议suggest, advise, propose;四项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer。注意: suggest表“暗示、表明”时insist表“坚持、认为”时不用虚拟语气。理解的基础上记忆，并不困难。

三、主语从句中的虚拟语气，过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed…It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. It’s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.形容词 important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising… It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that… + (should)+动词原形+…应该如何，最好如何，往往意味着不必如何。是不是常听到老师说类似的句子？

四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气，在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,

decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

五、状语从句中的虚拟语气，1、用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would + 动词原形。It seems as if the man were his brother. This device operated as though it had been repaired.2.用在lest, for fear that和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。She closed the windows lest she catch cold.

六、几种特殊的虚拟语气，虚拟倒装句1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help, we couldn’t have

   got over the difficulties.2.Had I (=If I had) known about it, I would have told you.3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call, please take a message.错综条件句If you hadn’t bought the ticket last week, how would you go now? 从句过去完成表虚拟，主句would+动词原形将来表虚拟。介词短语表条件But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. Nothing could live without the sun.情境中提供虚拟语气 Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.比较if only与only if，only if 表示“只有”；I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. if only 则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。If only I knew more. If only the alarm clock had rung. If only 也可用于陈述语气。If only he comes early.有部电影名叫《IF ONLY》，被翻拍成《如果爱》，差了些味道，但仍然非常感人。It’s (high/low) time 从句： It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为 would rather 从句：I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.１．He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）２．I might have given you more help, but I was too busy .（连词）３．Given more time, we could have done it better .（分词短语）４．… … Such mistakes could have been avoided .（通过上下文）

请记住，语言在很大程度上是共通的，学好汉语才能学好英语。

请记住，“意在言外”的现象普遍存在，只有“出神”才能“入化”。

请记住，能力是共通的，可以正向迁移的，只要用心体悟，一定可以找到学习的乐趣。