加载中…As的用法归纳
(2012-06-27 16:31:18)
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分类： 语法 |
As的用法归纳
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as的用法很多，又比较复杂，本文就此作一归纳：
一、作副词，意为“相同地”，“同样地”。例如：
They don’t have as many airplanes. 他们没有同样多的飞机。
二、作连词，
1. 引导时间状语从句
as与when，while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是"当……的时候"。但它们有区别:
(1). when作“当……的时候”解，可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生。例如:
John was having his dinner when I saw him. 当我看到约翰的时候，他正在吃饭。
She can write only when the baby is asleep. 只有婴儿睡着的时候，她才能写作。
(2). while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生或在从句动作过程中发生。例如:
We must strike while the iron is hot. 要趁热打铁。
While we were reading, the teacher came in. 我们正在读书的时候，老师走了进来。
(3). 但属下列情形时，只用as, 而不用when或while。
① 用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指“一边……,一边……”。例如:
The girl dances as she sings on the stage.那个女孩在舞台边唱歌边跳舞。
He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。
② 表示两个同步发展的动作或行为,译为“随着……”。例如:
As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 随着时间的流逝，她变得越来越焦虑。
As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得更有才智了。
③ 表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。例如:
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 恰好在你开口时，我想到了它。
Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. 恰巧在飞虫撞到她脸上时，她大哭起来。
2. 引导原因状语从句
as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是“因为，由于”，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强；as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作“既然”。例如：
I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
Since many of the customers work during the day, Billy has to collect the money at night. 因为许多顾客白天上班,所以毕利只好晚上去收钱。
As she has been ill perhaps she'll need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些帮助。
3. 引导让步状语从句
as与although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是“虽然，尽管”，但它们有区别：although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；however引导让步状语从句时，它的后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语序。例如：
Although they are poor they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。
Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. 虽然他很生气，但是他讲话很平静。
However hard the question is, he can answer it. 不管问题有多难他都能回答。
注意：当as引导让步状语从句时，句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：
(1). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。例如：
Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes. 虽然他很富有，但他从不花一分钱在衣服上。
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
(2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但懂很多事情。
Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 尽管他还是个孩子，但却被立为国王。
(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词[如果没有助动词，则要加上一个do(does或did)]。例如：
Try as he may, he never succeeds. 尽管他很努力，但总是不成功。
Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support. 即使你改变主意，你也不会得到另外的支持。
4.
I want you to tell my friend your very interesting experience exactly as you have told it to me. 我想让你像给我讲述的那样，给我的朋友讲一讲你那段极其有趣的经历。
Remember, you must do everything as I do. 记住，你必须按照我做的那样做一切。
注意：like在非正式语体中可以有与as相同的用法。如：
I can’t sing like I used to.我不能像以前那样唱歌了。
He writes just like his brother did when he was young. 他现在写文章正像他哥哥年轻时写文章一样。
5. 引导比较状语从句,用于“as...as...或not so/ as...as...”中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词，意为“如(不如)…一样”。如:
(1). You hate her as much as I (=as I hate her).
(2). I don't speak English so/ as well as he does.
注意：句中连词as后面的代词实际是省略了与主句相同的部分，即例（1）可以写成You hate her as much as I hate her. 如果很明显就能看出所省略的部分，意义不会含糊不清时，在口语中也可以用代词的宾格形式。例：At your age you can’t expect to play football as well as me (= as I do).但例（1）就不能改I为me，改后意思就变为：You hate her as much as you hate me. 你恨她像恨我一样深；而原句的意思为：你恨她像我恨她一样深。
三、作代词
as作关系代词的用法
关系代词as引导定语从句时，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂。
1. as引导定语从句与其他词连用
(1). 用于the same...as结构中
This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块手表跟我丢失的那块一样。
(2). 用于such...as结构中
I don’t like such novels as you recommend. 我不喜欢你推荐的那些小说。
(3). 用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as "结构中
I am not so strong a man as I was. 我已经没有从前那么强壮了。
2. as单独引导定语从句
as单独引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。例如：
(1) She is late, as is often the case. 她迟到了，这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)
(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 对事实视而不见--你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语)
注意1：(1). 当as引导的定语从句位于具有否定意义的主句之前时，as从句所修饰的范围是整个主句的内容，也就是说，把否定意义也包括在内。例如：
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 正如前面所说，语法不是一套死条文。
(2). 当as引导的定语从句位于具有否定意义的主句之后时，as从句所修饰的范围不包括否定意义。例如：
Spiders are not insects, as many people think. = Spiders are not insects. But many people think they are. 许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但蜘蛛并不是昆虫。
(3). 当as引导的定语从句位于具有否定意义的主句中间时，as从句所修饰的范围也不包括否定意义。例如：
She did not, as her friend had feared, open the case. 她没有打开盒子，而她的朋友就是怕她当面打开盒子。
注意2: 当修饰句子的非限制性定语从句位于句尾时，as可以用which来替代。例如：
I live a long way from work, as (which) you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。
但是，当as从句位于句首或句中是，as就不能用which来替代了。例如：
As you will find out, I will never let you down. 你将会发现，我绝不会使你失望的。
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. 你们知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
此外，如果主句为否定句，则位于句末和句中的as从句所修饰的范围并不包括主句的否定意义，此时，as也不能用while来替代。例如：
Greenland was not a continent, as people thought. 格陵兰并不像人们所想象的那样是一个大陆。
四、作介词，
1. 表示 “好像(某人)”，例如:
They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他们化装成清洁工人的模样进入大楼。
2. 表示“作为，当作”，例如：
I found a job as a teacher. 我找了一份教师的工作。
3. 表示“当某人是(某身份)时。例如：
As a child, she was sent to three different countries. 她儿时去过三个不同的国家。
4. 表示“因某人是(某身份)”，例如：
As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书，能接触到她所有的信件。
注意1：as引导的介词短语大多用作状语，as译为"作为"，少数情况可引起宾语补足语。例如:
As a Party member, I'll take the lead in everything. (状语)
She works as a nurse. (状语)
Tom has me as one of his best friends. (引起宾语补足语)
注意2：as和like都可以作介词，但意义不同。as表示“以实际的身份或地位”。like则表示“与…相似，以与…相类似的方式”。例如：
(1). He spoke as a teacher.
(2). He spoke like a teacher.
句(1)的意思是：“他作为老师发言”或“他以老师的身份发言”。句(2)的意思是：“他讲话很像是老师”。
五、用于一些固定搭配
1. as good as差不多，几乎
Don’t worry, the matter’s as good as settled. 别担心，问题差不多已经解决了。
When the car was repaired, it looked as good as new. 这辆汽车修理好的时候，看起来差不多就像新的一样。
2. as if ／as though 似乎；好像
He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装着若无其事的样子。
She treats him as though he was her own son. 她待他好像待自己的儿子一样。
另外，as if可以接一个动词不定式短语。例如：
He waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me. 他向我挥手好像有什么要告诉我。
3. as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
Joan can speak Chinese as well as English. 琼能讲英语还能讲汉语。
He spent all his money, as well as wasting his time. 他不仅浪费了时间，还花光了他所有的钱。
4. such．．．as, such as 像……这样的
I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on. 我买了许多种水果，像苹果，桔子，香蕉等。
We had such books as you never saw. 我们有一些你从未看过的书。
5. as for 至于某人（某事物）
We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic, we had no difficulty. 在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没遇到任何困难。
6. as to 关于某事物；提到某事物
I don't know anything as to the others. 至于其他，我一无所知。
7. so as to ．．． 以便, 为了
Students should take notes so as to make revision easier. 学生应当记笔记，以便容易复习。
8. as a matter of fact 其实；实际上
As a matter of fact, I’m very fond of housework. 其实，我很喜欢做家务。
9. as a result 结果 (发生某种情况)
As a result， he had been given an excellent job. 结果，他得到了一份极好的工作。
10. as long as 只要
You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。
总之，通过以上的分析，我们对as的词性和用法有了比较全面的理解和把握，才能在实际的运用中做到心中有数，应付自如。
巩固练习
1. She had a tense expression on her face, ________she were expecting trouble.
A. even though B. even as C. as though D. now that
2. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, ________was to be expected.
A. that B. what C. so D. as
3. ________might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. As B. That C. It D. What
4. Americans eat ________as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much
C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much
5. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ________by his lack of talent.
A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as
6. Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ________a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.
A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as
7. ________he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment. A. As soon as B. So far as C. As well as D. As long as
8. ________the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel and almost everything.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As soon as D. As well as
Key: 1-5 CDAAD 6-8 DDD
高考真题直练
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ______it is a science.
A. an art much
as
C. as an art much
as
2. She doesn't speak ______her friend, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as
3. The piano in the other shop will be ______, but ______.
A. cheaper; not as
better
C. cheaper; not as
good
4. After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for ______an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.
A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as
5. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before.
A. as twice
many
C. as
twice as many
6. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
7. ______, he doesn't study well.
A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is
8. ______, he was unable to make much progress.
A. Hard as he
try
C. As he
tried
hard
9. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
11. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
12. ________ is known to all, China will be an ________ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.
A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing
13. He doesn't believe ________things ________ you do.
A. the same; as B. the same; with C. as same; as D. as same; with
14. ________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
Key: 1-5 DACAD 6-10 CCBBC 11-14 BCAB
关系代词as与which的用法区别
■as 和which的相同点
(1) as 和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句之后；在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。如：
Tom has found a good job, as / which we all hope. 汤姆找到了一件好工作，这正是我们大家所希望的。
(2) as 和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。如：
His mother is ill, which makes him very sad. 他母亲病了，这件事情使他很难过。
He has made great progress, as / which makes us very happy. 他进步了，这使得我们很高兴。
以上两句中的as / which都指前面整个句子的内容。
Though he has lots of money, he still rides his old bike, which was bought ten years ago. 尽管他很有钱，但是他还骑着他的旧单车，这单车是十年前买的。
There you can meet many writers as you have ever read in books. 在那里，你可见到你在书中所读过的很多作家。
■as与which的区别
(1) 当先行词前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same等词修饰时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。如：
She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。
It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. 它是本我们大家都想读的有趣的书。
上面两句中的as就不能用which替换。
(2) as 在从句中常作宾语；作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即：系表结构或被动结构。如：
As you expected, he turned up on time. 正如你所愿，他按时到了。
As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他征服了困难。
(3) 当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。如：
As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们再把店前到达了那儿。
(4) As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。如：
He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. 他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希望的。
Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。
(5) 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：
He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan. 他有一台新电脑，这台电脑花了他将近一万元。
(6)
She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病，这话是真的。
He asked her to help him with his English, which she did. 他请她教他学英语，她的确帮了。
(7)
He speaks English very fluently, which I can’t. 他的英语说得非常流利，这我可不行。
(8) 关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with. 他提议去河里游泳，我们就同意了他的想法。
(9) 当关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much. 他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。
(10) as 在非限制性定语从句中，还常跟such连用。如：
There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children. 老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情，就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。
(11) as常用于一些固定结构中。如：
as is well known / as we all know 众所周知； as is said above 正如上面所说；
as might
be imagined
正像所想象的那样；
as has
been pointed
如所指出的那样；
引用于：http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200805/301_2.html
关系代词AS的用法
AS作关系代词,用来引导定语从句:限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句
一、AS引导限制性定语从句
AS引导限制性定语从句时,通常和such,the same,as(so)等连用,构成such...as/such as,the same...as/the same as,as(so)...as等结构,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。
1.such...as/such as意为“...的那种...,像那样的”，such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时,既可指人,也可指物。such用于名词之前时,具有形容词性质；such单独使用(即后面不接名词)时,具有代词性质。
Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语)
不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。
You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语)
你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。
Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主语)
要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交。
2.the same...as/the same as意为“与...同样的”,和such一样,the same既有形容词作用,又有代词性质。
We have arrived at the same conclusoin as they have.(as作宾语)
我们已得出和他们同样的结论。
比较:the same...as和the same...that不同,前者是“同那一个相似”,后者是“正是那一个”。如：
This is the same watch as I lost.
这同我丢的那块表一样。
This is the same watch that I lost
这正是我丢的那块表。
3.as(so)...as意为“和...一样”,后接由many,much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词,注意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as,如： It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.
这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。
As many soldiers as marched were killed.
很多游行的战士都被杀了。
注意:such ...as与such...that ,so...as与 so...that的区别: that是连词,引出结果状语从句,在从句部分不作成分;as是关系代词,引出定语从句,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。比较:
He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him.
He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.
It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out.
It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.
二、AS引导非限制性定语从句
AS引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为“这...,如...或正如...”。这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后。
As we all know,Taiwan belongs to China.
Taiwan,as we all know, belongs to China.
Taiwan belongs to China,as we all know.
注意下面的习惯用法:
as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的
as is often said 正如通常所说
as is often the case 通常就是这样
as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样
as might be expected正如所料
as is well known to all众所周知
在多数情况下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略
as explained before 如前面所解释的
as mentioned above 如前面所提到的
as shown in the figure 如图所示
as seen from the table 从表中可以看出
as already discussed 正如已讨论过的
高考题精选：
1.______is known to all,China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.(1994上海)
A.That；advancingB.This；advanced
C.As；advanced D.It；advancing
2.______is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.(1999上海)
A.It B.As C.That D.Which
3.These houses are sold at such a low price________people expected.
A.likeB.as C.that D.which
4.________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001NMET)
A.It B.As C.That D.What
5.There at the door stood a girl about the same height __________. (2004北京春)
A.as me B. as mine
C.with mine D. with me
6.__________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.(2004北京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
7._________is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(2004江苏)
A. Which B. When C. WhatD. As
8._______I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A.When B.AfterC.AsD.Since
9.The Beatles,_________many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.
A.what B.that C.how D.as
Keys:CBBBABDCD
as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
(1) 如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：
1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。
2.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?
--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.
We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.
Don't do such things as you are not sure about.
There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.
比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.
比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）
(2) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）
1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)
=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .
或:Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）
或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.
2.He was a
foreigner, as I knew from his accent.
2.关系代词 which 和as 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：as 有“正如……” 、“就像……” 的意思， 而which没有；as 引导非限制性定语从句时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以放在主句之前或之后；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
如：As is known to all, he is the best student in our class．
He opposed the idea, as could be expected． (as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。)
常用的这种句式有：as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
[考点四] 对“as”引导定语从句的考查
(1) 先行词与as ; so ; such ; the same 连用时，常用关系代词或副词 as 。
(a) Children should read such books _____ will make them better and wiser .
A. which B. that C. what D. as [Key: D]
(b) I ever studied at the same college as she did .
(2) 在引导非限定性定语从句中，指代前面句子的内容时用which或as，指代后面句子的内容时只能用as 。
Jim passed the driving test , _______ , surprised everybody in the office . ( 05’浙江)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
[解析] 此句是一个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，并指代前面句子的整个内容。所以此题选 [A]
(3) 表示“正如...”时, 只能用关系代词as。 如：as is known to all; as we all know; as (it) often happens; as has been said before; as was expected; as is said above; as is mentioned above; as is reported等。
______ is reported in the newspapers ,talks between the two countries are making progress . (04’北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
[解析] 这是一个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词指代后面句子的整个内容，所以关系代词只能用as ，故此题选 [B]
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