第一部分  选择题

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide
which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the
letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people
actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,
it is said to be ___.
  A、 prescriptive
  B、 sociolinguistic
  C、 descriptive
  D、 psycholinguistic  

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
  A、 mouth
  B、 lips
  C、 tongue
  D、 vocal cords  

3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.
  A、 bound morpheme
  B、 bound form
  C、 inflectional morpheme
  D、 free morpheme  

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that
introduces the embedded clause.
  A、 coordinator
  B、 particle
  C、 preposition
  D、 subordinator  

5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."
  A、 is synonymous with
  B、 is inconsistent with
  C、 entails
  D、 presupposes   

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way
speakers interpret sentences is called ___.
  A、 semantics
  B、 pragmatics
  C、 sociolinguistics
  D、 psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes,
which are ___ or generalization.
  A、 elaboration
  B、 simplification
  C、 external borrowing
  D、 internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and
straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
  A、 Lingua franca
  B、 Creole
  C、 Pidgin
  D、 Standard language

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in
addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation
of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language,
namely, ___ .
  A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
  B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
  C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
  D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious
development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in
daily communicative situations.
  A、 learning
  B、 competence
  C、 performance
  D、 acquisition

第二部分  非选择题

II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with
one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that
you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the
letter given. (1%×10=10%)

11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k    of the rules of
his language.

12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e,
they are all b    .

13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of
words and the rules by which words are formed.

14、A s    is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a
number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.

15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are
called c    synonyms.

16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to
something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of
enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c    .

18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's),
Black English can d    the form of "be".

19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short
period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c    period for
first language acquisition.

20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i    is a product of L2
training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target
language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or
false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each
statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you
think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)

()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given
more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both
Chinese and English.

()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This
indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings
of its components.

()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.  

()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects
such as British English and American English but cannot be found within
the variety itself, for example, within British English or American
English.

()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated
and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational
implicatures arise.

()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken
today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech
situations known as domains.

()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,
speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first
language.

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for
illustration. (3%×10=30%)

31、duality
32、diachronic linguistics
33、broad transcription
34、morphological rules
35、phrase structure rule
36、relational opposites
37、componential analysis
38、context
39、euphemism
40、brain lateralization

V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)

41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in
English for illustration.
42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of
a second language.