第四讲　主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语―主谓宾宾型

目标：

1.     知道什么是直接宾语、间接宾语，它们分别由什么词类充当；

2.     了解带双宾语的常用及物动词；

3.     掌握“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的句型，会划分此句型的句子成分，会运用此句型来翻译、造句；

会将间接宾语变成to或for引起的介词短语。

本讲用到单词(60)：略

试分析句子：He gave us some money.　(他给了我们一些钱。)

句子主语是he，谓语是动词gave；动作gave(给)有两个对象：gave “us”(给“我们”)、gave “money”(给“钱”)。所以，gave有两个宾语：us在前面，表示人，叫做间接宾语； money在后面，表示物，叫直接宾语。间接宾语由表示人的名词或代词充当；直接宾语由表示事物的名词、代词或从句充当。间接宾语和直接宾语统称为双宾语。间接宾语和直接宾语都用虚线“　　”分别划。eg.He  gave  us  some money.

Exercise 1　翻译、朗读并背诵下列句子，划分句子成分，仔细体会双宾语,注意带双宾语的动词.

1.       My grandpa often tells me stories.

2.       She showed us his picture yesterday.

3.       I will lend her my bike.

4.       He passed me a pen.

5.       Mr. Wang teaches us math.

6.       My friend writes me a letter every month.

7.       I’ll pay you 100 yuan.

8.       He often offers us some help.

9.       I’ll bring you some new books.

10.  He returned me the money in time.

11.  They sent their son a car.

12.  My uncle bought me a bike last week.

13.  Mother made me a new shirt last Sunday.

14.  Wish you a happy new year!

15.  Spare him the trouble.

16.  You did us a favor.

17.  The road saved us a lot of money.

18.  Please get us some salt.

19.  She kissed her mother goodbye.

20.  They forgave him his crime.

*可以带双宾语的常用动词有

1)give, show, pass, hand, send, lend, read, write, bring, leave, throw, return, tell, teach, pay, offer, allow, wish, refuse, promise

2)make, buy, sing, cook, get, find, do, fetch, paint, play, save, order, spare

3)cost, kiss, keep, mean, forgive, set

列出这些单词，并不要求当场记住。我们记任何单词，都要结合学过的句子。只要懂得“主谓宾宾”这种句型，看到句子可以翻译出来，就可以明白句中动词带的是双宾语。其实以上动词有的也可以只带一个宾语，有的还可以作vi.用，不带宾语。

有时候，可以把直接宾语放在前面，而把间接宾语放在后面，这时要加介词to或者for。eg.

The tiger showed its teeth to us.（老虎向我们露出它的牙齿。）

I will fetch a few chairs for you.（我去跟你拿几把椅子来。）

以上列出的动词，其所带的间接宾语改为介词短语时，第一类加to，而第二类加for。第三类则不宜将所带的间接宾语改为介词短语。直接宾语是人称代词时，用to或for引起的介词短语比较好。eg.

I will return it to the teacher.（我要把它还给老师。）

I’ll order it for you.（我来替你点菜。）

Exercise 2仿照示范改写下列句子，并翻译成中文。

Model: He gave her a notebook. (to)  → He gave a notebook to her.

       I sang them two songs. (for)  → I sang two songs for them.

1.   She lent the boy her eraser.(to) →

2.   Sometimes I write him letters. (to) →

3.   Can you pass me the paper? (to) →

4.   I’ll show you my new skirt. (to)→

5.       His parents left him a lot of money. (to)→

6.       The boy sent me the message. (to)→

7.       Dad made us a model ship.(for)  →

8.       My aunt often buys me presents. (for) →

9.       Who will fetch me some chalk? (for)→

10.  I’m cooking you some food. (for) →

11.  He played us a piece of music.(for)→