第1讲       关系词的选择技巧

练习1.

1. who/that                           2. who /whom /that /不填

3. whose                                4. whose

5. that /which                         6. that /which /不填

7. who /whom /that /不填     8. why

9. where                                 10. when

练习2.

1.     The movie (that we saw last night) is very exciting.

2.     Have you bought the book (which we talked about)?

3.     I still remember the day (which we spent together last week).

4.     He still lives in the house (whose windows face south).

5.     The boy (whose father is a policeman ) speaks English most fluently in our class.

6.     The girl (who you met) was John’s sister.

7.     There is no reason (why we shouldn’t be friends).

8.     They arrived in the early morning (when the sky was still dark).

9.     The days were gone (when we had to travel on horses ).

10.  Is this the hospital (where you were born)?

练习3.

说明：划分成分的符号与练习2中的相同。

  主句：____  定语从句：（ ） 先行词：先行词  关系词：   

1.     A。翻译：这是他在会上为他工作粗心所解释的原因吗？一找：Is this the reason（______  he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work）? 二还：He explained the reason at the meeting. 三提问：他在会议上解释哪个原因？故要用which来替代关系词。答案中没有which，由于先行词是物时，关系代词一般可以用which也可用that。故选择A。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作宾语要用关系代词。

2.     D。翻译：这是他工作中粗心的原因吗？一找：Is this  the reason (______ he was so careless in his work)? 二还：He was so careless in his work for the reason. 三提问：为什么他在工作中如此粗心？提问用why， 故选D。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，要用关系副词why。

3.     A。翻译：他住在距那个城市不远的一个村庄里。一找：He lives in a village (______ is not far from the city). 二还：The village is not far from the city. 三提问：哪个（村庄）距那个城市不远？要用which提问。故选A。也可以解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语时只能用关系代词。

4.     B。翻译：他生活在他出生时所在的那个村庄里。一找：He lives in  the village(_____ he was born). 二还：He was born in the village. 三提问：他在哪里出生？要用where提问。也可理解为：关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，要用关系副词where。

5.     C。翻译：一小时内，我们就能到达可能需要我们祖先数小时才能到达的地方。一找：In an hour, we travel to places (______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach). 二还：The places could have taken our ancestors days to reach. 三提问：哪些（地方）可能需要我们祖先数天才能到达？要用which来提问。故选C。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语时要用关系代词。

6.     A。翻译：一小时内，我们就能到达我们可以放松和恢复精力的地方。一找：In an hour, we travel to places (______ we can relax and get refreshed). 二还：We can relax and get refreshed in the places. 三提问：我们可以在哪里放松和恢复精力？要用where提问。故选A。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时要用关系副词where。

7.     D。翻译：我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那些日子。一找：I’ll never forget the days ( _____ we spent together). 二还：We spent the days together. 三提问：我们度过的哪些（日子）？要用which。关系代词指物时可以用which，that，如果作宾语也可以省略。故选D。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作宾语时要用关系代词，也可以省略。

8.     C。翻译：我盼望着我的女儿能读懂这本书，知道我对她的感情的那一天。一找：I am looking forward to  the day (______ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her). 二还：My daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her on the day. 三提问：对on the day提问应用when。故选C。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作时间状语要用关系副词when。

9.     D。翻译：如果我们想有一个光明的未来，我们必须学会用一种不伤害其他生物的方式行事。一找：We must learn to act in ways (______ do not do harm to other living things). 二还：The ways do not do harm to other living things. 三提问：哪些（方式）不伤害别的生物？故用which。关系代词指物时也可以用that，不作宾语不能省略。故选D。也可以解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语时要用关系代词。

10.  D。翻译：这是生产彩色电视机的那个工厂吗？一找：Is this the factory (______ color TV sets are produced)? 二还：Color TV sets are produced in the factory. 三提问：彩色电视机在哪个（工厂）生产？用which提问。故选in which。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，要用关系副词，关系副词也可换为“介词＋关系代词”。

11.  C。翻译：这是生产彩色电视机的那个工厂。一找：This is the factory (______ produces color TV sets). 二还：The factory produces color TV sets. 三提问：哪个（工厂）生产彩色电视机？要用which提问。先行词是物时，关系代词可以用which也可以用that。故选C。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语，要用关系代词。

12.  B。翻译：我和我的朋友一起爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏到了壮观的湖景。一找：I walked up to  the top of the hill  with my friend, (______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake). 二还：We enjoyed a splendid view on the lake on the top of the hill. 三提问：要用where提问。故选B。也可解释为，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where。

13.  A。翻译：她有为学生创造一种可以彼此自由交流的气氛的天赋。一找：She has a gift for creating  an atmosphere for her students (_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other). 二还：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other. 三提问：哪种（气氛）使他们能够彼此自由交流？故要用which。故选A。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语时要用关系代词。

14.  A。翻译：到16:30时，这几乎是关门时间，几乎所有的画都被卖完了。一找：By 16:30, (______ was almost closing time), nearly all the paintings had been sold. 二还：16:30 was almost closing time. 三提问：哪个（时间）几乎是关门时间？故用which。故选A。不能选when，因为when是副词，不能作句子主语。也可解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语时要用关系代词。

15.  C。翻译：最后他到了一个几乎与外部世界隔绝了的偏僻的小岛。一找：Finally he reached a lonely island (______ was completely cut off from the outside world). 二还：The island was completely cut off from the outside world. 三提问：哪个（岛）几乎与外部世界隔绝？要用which提问。故选C。不能选where，因为where是副词，不能作句子主语。也可以解释为：关系词在定语从句中作主语时要用关系代词。

16.  A。翻译：我们日常生活中遇到的小问题，可能激励我们搞出大的发明。inspiration“激励，灵感，启发”。一找：The little problems（______ we meet in our daily lives）may be inspirations for great inventions. 二还：We meet little problems in our daily lives. 三提问：关系词在定语从句中作宾语，要问“遇到哪些问题”which (problems)。先行词由little修饰时要用that不用which，故选A。也可以解释为：关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故要用关系代词。先行词由little修饰时要用that不用which。

17.  C。翻译：我们上周参观的那个城市有一千万人口。一找：The city (______ we visited last week) has a population of 10 million. 二还：We visited the city last week. 三提问：你们上周参观了哪一个（城市）？故用which。关系词作宾语，也可用that。故选C。

18.  A。翻译：上周我们参观的那个博物馆（所在）的城市是我们国家的文化中心。一找：The city (______ we visited the museum last week) is the cultural center of our country. 二还：We visited the museum in the city last week. 三提问：你们上周在哪里参观的那个博物馆？故用where。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故选A。

19.  B。翻译：他向那些受影响的人们道歉。一找：He apologized to the people ( ______ had been affected). 二还：The people had been affected. 三提问：谁受影响？故用who。关系代词指人时也可以用that。故选B。

20.  C。翻译：我遇到一位刚刚死去孩子的女士。一找：I met one woman (______ baby had just died). 二还：The woman’s baby had just died. 三提问：谁的孩子刚刚死去？故用whose。关系词在定语从句中作主语的定语。故选C。

摘自 高中英语语法通霸

1.     secrets后加with。with的宾语是关系代词，省略了。

2.     is改为are。that代指的是words，所以要用复数。

3.     is改为am。who代指前面的I。

4.     去掉it。it变为关系代词省略了，不能再要it。

5.     when去掉或者改为that/ which。关系词作spent的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。

6.     where去掉或者改为that/ which。关系词作visited的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。

7.     where改为which。关系词作left的宾语，所以要用关系代词。

8.     they改为who。关系词有连接两个句子的作用。非限制性定语从句，不能用that。

9.     they改为which/ that。“照片中在我周围的是那时在我生活中对我非常重要的东西。”关系词有连接句子作用而人称代词没有。things是先行词，后面是定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，要用关系代词which或that。

10.  there改为where。where引导非限制性定语从句修饰the summit；where作关系词，有连接句子的作用。

A. 利用“一找、二还、三提问”的方法填关系词。

11.  which/that/不填。作carry的宾语。
where/in which。定语从句恢复后添加的是in the box。

12.  which/that/不填。作visit的宾语，用关系代词。
where。把定语从句恢复后添加了in the house，作状语。

13.  why/for which。定语从句恢复后添加了for the reason。
which/that/不填。作give的宾语。

14.  when/on which。定语从句恢复后添加了on the day。
which/that/不填。作spent的宾语。

B. 用关系词填空

15.  that/which。在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。

16.  where。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词。

17.  which/that。在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。

18.  that/which/不填。作spent的宾语，用关系代词。

19.  that/which。先行词是mountain tops and dark waters。

20.  where。先行词是the market。

21.  At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which/ that) children were looking forward to.

22.  The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where a good impression is a must.

23.  I think students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.

24.  I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent together.