第一章        派生词类

语法填空中有些单词变形侧重于考查构词法，主要是派生构成法。

派生法（derivation）是英语中重要的构词法，它借助在词干上加词缀的办法来构成新的单词。一个单词的基本部分称为词干（stem），加在词干前面的部分称为前缀（prefix），加在词干后面的部分成为后缀（suffix）。一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如：在repayment（偿还）一词中，pay付钱，是词干；re-有“返还”之意，是前缀，改变词义；-ment是后缀，改变词性为名词。

英语中派生词很多。这里我们只能把常考的派生词按词缀进行归类练习，以提高我们掌握、识记单词的能力。把课本生词表中的生词记牢才是备考的上策。

第 1 讲           常见前缀

1.       This may sound ____ (convenient), but English people are used to doing so.

2.       Meanwhile, the editor was getting ____(patience), for the magazine would soon go to press.

3.       If they stay in a museum too long, a feeling of boredom will build up, leading eventually to ____(patience) and fatigue.

4.       My motto also makes me become an ____ (depend) person.

5.       Faridabad is very poor and most people don’t have air conditioners or even electric fans. Besides, electricity is often cut off____ (expect).

6.       Something ____ (believe) happened on the plane.

7.       Do not carry too much money or ____ (necessity) credit cards.

8.       Although ____ (able) to publish at that time, he circulated(使传阅) three photocopied collections of his work.

9.       The student or any other person, may come back to his work tired and ____ (interested).

10.    People were ____ (familiar) with this product at the beginning, and made many guesses at how it was produced.

11.    Staring out of the window, my mother complained about the ____ (responsible) and cruel person who left his dog with us.

第 2 讲           常见名词后缀

1.       To my____ (amaze), Life of France and Italy seemed more pleasant and relaxing than that of Toronto.

2.       I love Jack a lot but we are getting into a lot of ____ (argue) about our wedding plans.

3.       Similar____ (arrange)also exists in some British schools.

4.       【2016全国Ⅱ】Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of______ (achieve).

5.       【2016全国Ⅲ】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the______ (develop) of chopsticks.  

6.       When you stand in front of the mirror, it will use the technology to make its own  ____ (judge) of your body type.

7.       In ____ (conclude), wise choices and full preparations are reliable measures to reach our goals.

8.       I think it necessary for us to discuss this problem with our parents before we make a final ____ (decide).

9.       I think they were all better worth visiting than many other ____ (attract).

10.    【2016全国Ⅰ】But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ______ (attract).

11.    There are two new hotels here under ____ (construct).

12.    He has made great ____ (contribute) to the development of our company.

13.    Since news broke, netizens have praised Tian for his ____ (devote) to teaching his students and his ability to think out of the box.

14.    Researchers argue that people have too high ____ (expect) of the power of saying sorry.

15.    He has received three similar ____ (invite) so far.

16.    But the hardest part lay in my oral ____ (present) from my memory— for to read from the paper was not allowed.

17.    Knowing that, my mum and I made careful ____ (prepare) for the celebration.

18.    However, the collector said it was one of his valuable _______ (possess) and he could not let it go. possessions

19.    Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1500 years, but ____ (express) from them have entered various languages.

20.    I couldn’t see a sad ____ (express) on his face.

21.    Some people whose ____ (intend) is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income

22.    Now let me give you a brief ____ (describe) of his experience.

23.    The pressure helps us learn the true meaning of ____ (compete) before we step into society.

24.    The ____ (explain) was simple but very unusual.

25.    That smile is what gives him the ____ (determine) to love himself.

26.    For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what they caught without ____ (permit).

27.    Once you reach that point in life, happiness and ____ ( satisfy ) can’t be too far away.

28.    ____ (honest) is the best policy.

29.    More and more students would drop out of school if their personal ____(safe) could not be guaranteed.

30.    The reasons for its ____ (popular) are the music’s fast pace and rhythmic beat.

31.    I know your ____(curious) is driving you mad!

32.    It gives us a strong heart and teaches us to step forward no matter what the ____ (real) is.

33.    After two earlier____ (marry)，she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again.

34.    Hello Kitty is all about ____ (happy) and friendship and fun.

35.    It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick, aged, and orphaned, but also friends, relatives and neighbors whose ____(friend) and helpfulness we have enjoyed.

36.    As she more and more studied the photo, she began to see the sadness and ____ (lonely) in his eyes.

37.    These young ____ (employ), who are enthusiastic about cars, know that quality comes first.

38.    The line has a  ____ (long) of 174 km.

39.    Eventually, I went home with my car full of groceries and my heart full of ____(warm) and kindness.

40.    Shawn tried to decide whether to admit the ____ (true).

41.    On Tuesday, you build up ____ (strong) in your legs by doing deep knee bends.

42.    【2014陕西】 On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a ____（deep）of 7, 062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.

43.    Culture shock can happen immediately upon your ____ (arrive) in the country.

44.  If they stay in a museum too long, a feeling of ____ (bore) will build up

45.    He looked so happy when he enjoyed the _____ (free) of running on the grass.

46.    When people pet animals, their blood  (press) and heart rates go down.

第 3 讲           常见形容词后缀

1.       Drawn in simple black and white, Tuzki（兔斯基）doesn’t seem ____ (impress) at first sight.

2.       Keeping a diary in English is an ____ (effect) way to improve our English writing ability.

3.      There is no ____ (effect) vaccine or treatment currently available for Ebola.

4.      For others, working in a ____ (create) environment with other people makes them happier.

5.      Human beings are ____ (competition) animals and we decide to evaluate each other.

6.       They give off ____ (poison) gases.

7.       My classmates attended ____ (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump.

8.       So many people are so ____ (anxiety) to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”, as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s impossible.

9.       Almost all the fables he wrote are ____ (humor) and entertaining, appealing to people of all ages.

10.    Unlike his father, he had better luck in business and showed more ____ (finance) sense.

11.    London is a world ____ (culture) capital and is home to many museums, galleries, banks, libraries, and sporting events.

12.  【2008广东】This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ______ (nature) course. natural。

13.    【2015全国Ⅱ】As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 

14.  ____ (tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way to ensure good luck in the coming year.

15.  They do not waste people’s time with conversations or other activities that have no visible ____ (benefit) result.

16.  The name Big Ben ____ (origin) referred to the Great Bell within the tower

17.    I’ve realized that trying to get everything done in a ____ (limit) time means that nothing can be done properly.

18.    He was born in a poor family, and only received a ____ (limit) education in his childhood.

19.    He is a ____ (talent) artist.

20.    We tried our best to climb out but then I saw one of my sons was ____ (miss)

第 4 讲           连变或成对词缀

1.       Later, actors, musicians, dancers and singers from all over the world came over to give ____ (perform).

2.       Unfortunately, many people can only see a camel’s outstanding ____ (perform), but few understand its preparations made for it.

3.       This festival is a holiday of great ____ (significant) and the one with the longest history.

4.       Besides an attractive ____ (appear), tiny houses can also boast unique practical features.

5.      While most manage to cover the short ____ (distant), a handful are stuck inside the railway tracks that lie between the ocean and popular park.

6.       An old woman fell over at the ____ (enter) and hit her head on the ground.

7.      When we are feeling stressed there is a tendency to turn to others for some____ (assist).

8.       Next day I saw an ad for a sales ____(assist) in a local bookshop and put my house on the market.

9.       The ____ (present) of both suggests at least the possibility of life.

10.    Some even awarded prizes to ____ (participate) who could perform this feat in a natural and effortless way.

11.    【2014陕西】 The advertisement for engineers in the local paper attracted many____(apply).

12.    His continual ____ (present) on instant messaging platforms like QQ and WeChat has made him a true icon (偶像、标志) of the internet generation.

13.    The expert refused to teach him because he feared that the youth would not have the ____ (patient) to learn.

14.    Deep worry began to destroy my ____ (confident).

15.    . It’s ____ (evidence) that it will do great harm to society.

16.    【2014全国Ⅰ】Just be ______ (patience).

17.  Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm（重新确认）the ____ (exist) of rules that need to be observed.

18.    In conclusion, wise choices and full preparations are ____ (rely) measures to reach our goals.

19.    Something ____ (believe) happened on the plane.

20.    Staying healthy when traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and ____ (enjoy) one.

21.    Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their ____ (value) wood, or learn how to use it better.

22.    【2013广东】That would be a very______ ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours.

23.    【2007广东】But even more ______ (value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school.

24.  【2015全国Ⅱ】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings（土坯房） admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

25.    With an online study format, the tests and notes can be ____ (access) with just a mouse click from your home computer.

26.    In conclusion, wise choices and full preparations are ____ (rely) measures to reach our goals.

27.    During his career Harrison’s ____ (responsible) is to approve large quantities of the sweet ice cream.

28.    The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal stories____ (cheer).

29.    On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, which left me ____(speech) for a second.

30.    With the order from the ground, the plane ____ (success) landed at the nearest airport.

31.    The researchers suggest that after a ____ (stress) day, simply doing something as small as holding the door open for someone else and carrying someone’s bags can give you mood a boost.

32.    Nobel had never been to school or university, but had studied privately and became a ____ (skill) chemist and excellent linguist.

33.    To some a dog is a ____ (faith) hunter and to others he is merely a decoration.

34.  【2014辽宁】I cannot control my body well. My legs become______ (pain).

35.  I plan to finish my year with a ____ (joy) marriage and plan for my own family life.

36.    ____ (need) to say, he got poor marks in all subjects.

37.    I felt extremely upset when the news came that the earthquake had led to extensive and severe damage in your county, causing loss of lives and leaving many people ____ (home).

38.    The applicant may not know that he actually has the required ____ (qualify).

第 5 讲           其他

一些单词的其他词性形式并不是加词缀构成，而是改变了其中的字母或字母组合，或添加或去掉一些字母。这样的单词需要专门去记。

1.       During our visit, the home was filled with ____ (laugh).

2.       This ____ (lose) was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food.

3.       Actually, children learn violence ____ (behave) from adults or from what they see on television or on the Internet.

4.       【2009广东】But Jane knew from past experience that her ______ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

5.       In Senior One, he was an ____ (energy) boy who wanted to become a player in the school basketball team.

6.       Smiling with ____ (relieve), he set off again on the donkey's back.

7.       I have a strong____ (believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too.

8.       The cat is not for ____ (sell).

9.       She expressed her disgust at the program by writing a letter of ____ (complain).

10.    He was hardworking and ____ (energy) energetic.

11.    There has been no ____ (respond) to his remarks from the government.

12.    The island offers such a wide ____ (vary) of scenery and wildlife.

13.    In your ____ (young), adolescence may fill you with unrealized desires and send you into deeper puzzlement.

14.    The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram informing him to find out the exact number of steps and the ____ (high) of the wall.