第1讲        逻辑性考点专项练习

短文改错在试题中属于写作部分，但设置的逻辑性错误却让人感觉有点幼稚，因为我们在写作时一般不会出现这样的低级错误。譬如，我们不会用she来指代一个男孩，不会分不清but和and的用法，也不会混淆here和there的词义。但是在短文改错中要找出这样的错误却不是件容易事。为什么还要设置这样的题呢？因为它能反映出考纲考查“语篇”和“逻辑”的要求。

因此，我们在做短文改错题时，不仅要留意语法，还要留意行文逻辑。本讲把高考中常设置的逻辑性错误归纳在一起，好让大家对逻辑性错误的常设点有个清楚深刻的认识，以便快速提高查找逻辑错误的能力。要做好逻辑性错误题，必须认真细心来读懂文章，要认真读懂每一句话才行。走马观花地看文章，有一些错误是不容易找出来的。

考点1.       so, and, but, or连接句子或并列成分时，要认真分析前后逻辑关系

1.       【2012陕西】It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

2.       【2009全国Ⅱ】I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon, and I was held up on my way back.

3.       【2016全国Ⅱ】If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

4.       【2013四川】We were warned not to cheat again, so she would need to see our parents.

5.       【2017新课标I】I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.

考点2.       连接并列项时，肯定句常用and，否定句常用or连接。肯定句用or表选择，译为“或者”

6.       【2016全国Ⅰ】Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.

7.       【2008全国Ⅰ】I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.

8.       Ten days later, it didn’t ring and send messages.

9.       Earmuffs (护耳) consist of two thick soft pieces of cloth jointed by a band, which you wear over your ears to protect them from the cold and loud noise.

考点3.       遇到人称代词时，要留意其是否用错。几乎每篇短文改错都有这样一个题

A.    性别指代错误。例如，前面提到是a boy，后面却用she来指代

10.    【2013 辽宁】I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped. I had to calm myself down.

11.    【2010全国Ⅱ】Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.

12.    【2016浙江】Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we’d greet her at the door.

B.    单复数指代错误。例如，前面提到people，后面却用he 来指代

13.    【2012全国新课标】I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did go wrong, I got angry and broke it.

14.    【2015浙江】Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.

15.    【2009全国Ⅰ】The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and a sports center has been built in their place.

C.   对象指代错误。例如，前面用的we，后面却用their

16.    【2017新课标Ⅲ】This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.

17.    【2014浙江】Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.

18.    【2016全国Ⅱ】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your views and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.

考点4.       here与there, these与those， up与down， before与after等也常设为逻辑错误题，做题时也要留意

19.    【2009全国Ⅱ】 So I helped them go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.

20.    【2006全国Ⅱ】The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.

21.    【2010四川】But then a week after the trip, she suddenly announced that they wouldn’t take the holiday.

22.    【2012重庆】How are you those days?

23.    【2004湖北】You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledge, you can never learn well.

24.    【2005湖北】 In American big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.

25.    With his thumb down, he expressed his thanks to me repeatedly.

26.    He said it was a false alarm and used his key to turn down the alarm.

考点5.       肯定与否定错用，常涉及not, ever与never等

27.    【2012 四川】Mom, though I may often say it, I do love you.

28.    【2015浙江】Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.

29.    【2008天津】I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners.

30.    However, I was not lucky enough to have a teacher who didn’t take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities.

31.    【2007福建】Some day we can not help others in return. In this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.

32.    【2007安徽】 I grew up in this village, so I know everyone here. That’s the problem — the problem is that there’s nothing to do, and nobody of my age to do it with!

考点6.       if, though, because, when等连接词也可能错用，要从句子逻辑上来分析

33.    【2015浙江】If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.

34.    【2009重庆】Since the restaurant in China usually serves special dishes of different areas, you can enjoy various Chinese food whenever you are.

35.    【2008宁夏】We would be grateful when you could join us that day.

36.    【2004全国Ⅳ】Unfortunately, I won’t be able to  meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.

考点7.       I’m sorry, but…/ Thank you, but…

37.    I’m sorry, and I didn’t understand your question. Could you please restate it?

38.    I hope you don’t mind, so I have a rather strange question.

1.       【2014大纲卷】The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together.

2.       【2014陕西】We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.

3.       Without their help and advice, my life would be different.

4.       If you visit London, you’ll see many buses, cars or bikes.

5.       【2016四川】When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.

6.       【2007全国Ⅱ】While the others are jumping about in the air, I can run under my legs and get the ball.

7.       【2016全国Ⅲ】At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.

8.       【2006浙江】Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings there.

9.       【2011新课标】I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.

10.    Thanks, so I’m afraid I can’t make it that day.