本内容摘自《高中英语语法通霸》2016版
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考点精讲精练
考点1.
相关概念
A.
主句、从句、关系词
例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the
English Speech Competition.
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。
(例句中，This is the boy.是主句。)
定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）
(例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech
Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。)
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy是先行词。)
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)
关系词的三个作用
i.
作定语从句的一个句子成分。
ii.
起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 10考点5）。
iii. 代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）
B.
关系代词
i.
指人时可以用who, 也可用that。
Do you know the boy
who/that is my desk mate?
The man
who/that was killed in
the accident is Tom’s
uncle.
ii.
指物时可以用which, 也可用that。
I like visiting places which/that are not far
away.
How do you like the film which/that was shown last
Sunday.
iii. whose可以指人也可以指物。
He was a painter whose pictures were
not well- known in his life time.
The tree whose leaves are red was
planted last year.
iv.
关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last
night.
Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just
now?
注：（）表示关系代词省略
C.
关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：
①
We will put off the picnic until next week
when the weather may be better.
②
He has reached the point
where a change is needed.
③
That is no reason why you
should leave.
④
This is the way how I did
it. (how不能作关系词)
基础过关
1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。
①
The man ______ /______ was here yesterday
is a painter.
②
The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I
saw is called Smith.
③
A child ______ parents are dead is called
an orphan.
④
I’d like a room ______ window looks out
over the sea.
⑤
A letter ______ /_____ is written in
pencil is hard to read.
⑥
The letter ______ / ______ /______ I
received from him yesterday is very important.
⑦
That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ /
______ you are looking for.
⑧
Do you know the reason ______ he was late
for the meeting？
⑨
This is the school ______ I used to
study.
⑩
I still remember the day ______ we met for
the first time.
2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
主句：___ 定语从句:（ ）
先行词：先行词
关系词：
例：This is
the book (that I have
been looking for).
①
The movie that we saw last night is very
exciting.
②
Have you bought the book which we talked
about？
③
I still remember the day which we spent
together last week.
④
He still lives in the house whose windows
face south.
⑤
The boy whose father is a policeman speaks
English most fluently in our class.
⑥
The girl who you met was John’s
sister.
⑦
There is no reason why we shouldn’t be
friends.
⑧
They arrived in the early morning when the
sky was still dark.
⑨
The days were gone when we had to travel
on horses.
⑩
Is this the hospital where you were
born?
考点2.
关系词的选择技巧
A.
选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
①
He worked in the
factory which produces TV
sets.
②
He worked in the
factory where
his father had worked.
③
I like the
school which is near to my home.
④
I like the
school where my sister studies.
在句①和句②中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；
在句③和句④中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句①和句③中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；
在句②和句④中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。
我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
B.
选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”
一. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）
二. 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）
三. 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）
例如：
①
This is the school ______ I once
studied.
②
This is the school ______ is the most
famous in the city.
③
I am studying at a school ______ my
father teaches English.
找：（略）
还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
I once studied at the
school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
My father teaches Englishat the
school.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. where
C.
关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has
been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
1.
Is this the reason ______ he
explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. why
2.
Is this the reason ______ he was so
careless in his work?
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. why
3.
The reason ______ he didn’t come was
______ he was ill.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. for that; that
D. for which; what
4.
He lives in a village ______ is not
far from the city.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. whose
5.
He lives in the village ______ he was
born.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. whose
6.
In an hour, we travel to places
______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
7.
In an hour, we travel to places
______ we can relax and get refreshed.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
8.
I’ll never forget the days ______ we
spent together.
A. that
B. /
C. when
D. A and B
9.
【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day ______ my daughter
can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as
B. why
C. when
D. where
10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn
to act in ways ______ do not do harm to other living things.
A. in which
B. /
C. how
D. that
11. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are
produced?
A. when
B. the one where
C. that
D. in which
12. Is this factory ______ color TV sets are
produced?
A. which
B. the one where
C. that
D. in which
13. This is the factory ______ produces color TV
sets.
A. where
B. the one where
C. that
D. in which
14. 【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a
haircut?
—You should try the barber’s
______ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
15. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill
with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the
lake.
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. that
16. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an
atmosphere for her
students ______ allows them to
communicate freely with each other.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
17. 【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly
all the paintings had been sold.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. that
18. 【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island
______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
综合能力提升
I.
单句改错
1.
【2010重庆】Firstly, a friend is someone you can
share your secrets.
2.
【2010重庆】After hearing your sad stories, he
will say some words that is nice and warm.
3.
【2006江西】I read your e-mail to qq 329950885 my parents and showed them the photo
you sent it to me.
4.
I often think of the days when we
spent on the island together.
5.
This is the museum where you visited
the other day.
6.
Have you ever been to
Shanghai, where I left ten years ago?
II.
语法填空（每空至多填三词）
7.
【2014新课标Ⅰ】Maybe you have a
habit______ is driving your family crazy.
8.
【2014广东】The next day, my brother and I went
to the beach ______we watched some people play
volleyball.
9.
【2014湖南】People should not do things
______ will disturb their neighbors
unnecessarily.
10. 【2014安徽】The exact year ______ Angela and her family spent
together in China was 2008.
11. 【2015课标Ⅰ】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream
place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark
waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many
Chinese paintings.
12. 【2015广东】When harvest came around, he was
already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ______
people from the town met regularly.
III.
写作技能提升
答案：
1.① who/that
②
who /whom /that /不填
③ whose
④
whose
⑤ that /which
⑥
that /which /不填
⑦ who /whom /that /不填
⑧
why
⑨ where
⑩
when
2. ①
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