定语从句（1）

一、常用概念

由一个句子做定语，修饰某个名词或代词，这个句子叫定语从句(attributive clause)，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词(antecedent)，引导定语从句的连词叫关系词(relative)。

二、定语从句的特征

   （1）有先行词；（2）后置；（3）有关系词；（4）关系词在定语从句中占有成分。

三、关系词的分类

四、关系代词功能表

五、关系代词的用法要点

1．  熟记关系代词功能表，“双管齐下”——同时分析先行词和关系词所占的成分；

2．  关系代词在从句中占宾语成分时，可以省略；

3．  ★★注意what不可引导定语从句！！

六、which和that的用法比较

以下情况通常用that不用which：1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰；2.先行词被序数词修饰或本身是基数词；3.先行词被all, every, no, few, little, many, much, any, some修饰；4.先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰；5.先行词本身是不定代词，如everything, something, anything, nothing, all, much, few, little, none, the one等。6.先行词既有人又有物；7.关系代词在定语从句中做表语；8.主句中出现which。

以下情况通常用which不用that：1.关系代词紧跟在介词后；2.关系代词前有“，”。

七、who和whom的用法比较

1.关系词在定语从句中做主语时只能用who；2.关系词紧跟在介词后面做宾语时只能用whom；3. 固定短语“those who”不可用whom或that；4.其他情况两者可换用。

Exercises

一、用that, which, who, whom. whose填空，可以选用多个，可省时用括号：

1.       I have a friend ______likes listening to classical music.

2.       Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _________I gave her.

3.       The man _______leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

4.       Lily is reading a book ______is too difficult for her.

5.       The family ______I am staying with lives in town.

6.       I know the student ______article was published.

7.       My parents live in a house ________is more than 100 years old.

8.       All ________ is needed is water.

9.       We don’t know the number of people ________lost their homes in the earthquake.

10.   Luckily none of the people _______ I know were killed in the earthquake.

11.   Those ______ work hard all the time will achieve their success one day in the future.

12.   The woman ________ bag was stolen is very angry at it.

13.   Our hometown is not the one _________ it used to be.

14.   Do you know the student to ________ our teacher often talks?

15.   Have you heard of the accident about ________ we are talking just now?

二、合并定语从句

1.       That is the man. I met him in shanghai.

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2.       This is the loin. It’s been ill recently

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3.       It is the very book. The book will answer your question.

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4.       There are no cups on the table. The cups have been washed.

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5.       They have thrown away the computer. Its CPU can’t work now.

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6.       The Slender West Lake is one of the most beautiful parks. I have ever seen many parks.

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7.       Tom isn’t a lazy boy. He used to be a lazy boy.

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8. A dictionary is a book. You can use it to learn more words.

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9. The book is my favourite. My son has spoiled its cover.

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10.Her parents would like her to marry the person. His family is very rich.

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