英文課堂筆記-Thr，May31，2012_廣州老劉

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英文課堂筆記-Thr，May31，2012

(2012-06-07 20:30:18)

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教育

分类：在美国生活的日子里

英文課堂筆記-Thr，May31，2012
The Notes of English Course
Thr,  May 31- 2012

第一部分：Grammar: Unit 45 Reported speech(2)
A. It is not always necessary to change the verb when you use reported speech. If you are reporting something and you feel that it is still true, you do not need to chang the tense of the verb:
Direct     Tom said, “New York is bigger than London.”
Reported   Tom said that New York is (ro was) bigger than London.
Direct     Ann said, “I want to go to Turkey next year.”
Reported   Ann said that she wants (or wanted) to go to Turkey next year.

Notice that it is also correct to change the verb into the past.
But you must use a past tense when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. Study this example situation:
   You met Ann. She said, “Jim is sick.” (direct speech)
   Later that day you see Jim playing tennis and looking fine. You say:
   “I’m surprised to see you playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you were sick.” (not that you are sick, because he isn’t sick)
Must, might, could, would, should, and ought stay the same in reported speech. May in direct speech normally changes to might in reported speech.

B. Say and tell
If you say who you are talking to, use tell:
   Tom told me that he didn’t like Brian. (not Tom said me. . .)
Otherwise use say:
   Tom said that he didn’t like Brian. (not told that he. . .)
Also: you can’t say “Tom told about his trip to Mexico.” You have to say:
Tom told us (or me/them/Ann, etc) about his trip to Mexico.
If you don’t say who he told, you have to say:
   Tom talked (or spoke) about his trip to Mexico. (but not said about)

C. We also use the infinitive (to do/to stay, etc.) in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and requests):
Direct      “Stay in bed for a few days,” the doctor said to me.
Reported    The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.
Direct      “Don’t shout,” I said to Jim.
Reported    I told Jim not to shout.
Direct      “Please don’t tell anyone what happened,” Ann said to me.
Reported   Ann asked me not to tell anyone what (had) happened.
Direct     “Can you open the door for me, Tom?” Ann asked.
Reported   Ann asked Tom to open the door for her.
Said is also possible with the infinitive:
          The doctor said to stay in bed for a few days. (but not said me)

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后一篇：这就是典型的，我在美国的生活：上午学英文；下午刷房子

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