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【“福”门弄斧】两道英文阅读题的解读

(2009-03-10 17:43:56)
标签:

杂谈

【文:老罗培训 许可】

在校内看到有同学写日志 问英文阅读理解问题,试着解答一下。

 

这位同学的问题:

 

    1。来源于OG阅读。当时上课的时候记得年轻的阅读老师说他做OG的时候错了三道而这道是看了答案还不明白的。我记得我当时有点想明白了最近重做却又搞不懂了。贴上来给大家看看。(主要是在B,C两个选项中纠结)

对 应的原文是这样的:The Freudian perspective, in a sense, sees us as "steam engines", by holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions.

Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that people

B. usually release aggression in explosive ways

C. must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up

 

OG给的答案是C,但是俺们阅读老师觉得,C选项给人的感觉是人们会去想着“我要泄愤我要泄愤,我不能让它BUILD UP“。而这是违背常识的。所以老师选的是B。

 

   2。同样来源于OG阅读。是由于本人天生愚钝,看了答案还没明白。这是一道SUMMARY题,在讲到ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION时,答案选了个选项叫:(1815年后)Few workers expected to own their own businesses.而文中对应的话是这样说的:Few workers rose throught the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of setting up one's own business.(前文中又讲到1815年前很多WORKERS的梦想就是能有自己的BUSINESS)我不选的理由是:我觉得不能ACHIEVE不等 于不EXPECT了啊。可是答案选了。

 

我的解答:

我没看上下文,不过就我现在所见,OG的答案都是正确的。


问题1: 你摘抄原文不全这一点体现出你对问题的问法没有理解.题干是:Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that people...


翻译过来是:弗洛伊德把人们描述为steam engines,其目的是为了表述这样一个观点:即人们应该有任何不爽就表达出来而不是等到爆发.(这里,你们老师把vent aggression 翻译成泄愤是错误的, 文章应该就是就在讲小不爽和爆发怒火的区别,而把小小不爽翻译成泄愤等于误导自己). 注意:in order to是为了什么目的. 所以,这里不是让你重新描述弗洛伊德的"描述",而是让你指出他描述这个的"目的"--看这句很显然,他描述这个的目的是要表达一个"观点",而这一观点 就是:人们应该如何,不应该如何. 所以,你对问题理解的错误不仅仅是文章理解问题,更是对问题的问法和用词没理解.

 

简单说,在阅读理解中,要分清opinion和fact的区别. 在这篇文章中, fact是人们会把不爽积聚起来爆发. opinion是:不要如此,应该及时疏导. 明白了这个区别,上面那道题就没有难度了.

 

问题2

 

第二题你对答案中expect这个词的理解不准,导致选不出来。expect与hope不同,expect在英文中更贴切的意思是客观估计,而且把握大的估计,不是主观盼望。比如韦氏词典对expect这个词的读解有一条:4 a: to consider probable or certain。 而且后面有更详细的辨析。你可以看看 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/expect。 这个词理解有误,是我们学英文的时候用中文词义背单词带来的副产品,因为汉语英语绝非一一对应的语言,这么楞背的结果是,语感和语义精确性失去了,导致理解错误。

呵呵,写完了之后,我也弄个免责声明
1 我是教托福听力的,阅读不是专家,仅仅就我所见提出看法。这个可以请我的同事TG阅读大拿葛志福老师指正。
2阅读理解一定要结合上下文才更精确,我只是就我能看到的文中的局部材料做出解读,没有看到全文,如有疑问,请把全文贴出,或者给出具体出处,我好查阅。
--------------------------------------
葛老师的分析来了:

Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. The Freudian perspective, in a sense, sees us as “steam engines.” By holding in rather than venting “stream,” we set the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.

According to psychodynamic theory, the best ways to prevent harmful aggression may be to encourage less harmful aggression. In the steam-engine analogy, verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressive steam. So might cheering on one’s favorite sports team. Psychoanalysts, therapists adopting a psychodynamic approach, refer to the venting of aggressive impulses as “catharsis.” Catharsis is theorized to be a safety valve. But research findings on the usefulness of catharsis are mixed. Some studies suggest that catharsis leads to reductions in tension and a lowered likelihood of aggression. Other studies, however, suggest that letting some steam escape actually encourages more aggression later on.

严重同意许可老师的分析,补充3点:

1,全文没有任何一处提到B项,也没有任何一句话间接支持B项,所以B项根本就是“错”的(没提到),根本不可能是弗洛伊德的观点。选B是荒谬的,即使C项是错的,也不可能选B。

2,B项所说的“人们通常用爆发的方式宣泄攻击性”才是违背常识的!经常受老婆气的有很多,但是通过杀妻泄愤人少之又少;经常受政府气的有十三亿人民,又有几个武装起义了?!

3, 这句话Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets.这几句话In the steam-engine analogy, verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressive steam. So might cheering on one’s favorite sports team. Psychoanalysts, therapists adopting a psychodynamic approach, refer to the venting of aggressive impulses as “catharsis.” Catharsis is theorized to be a safety valve.都是直接支持C项的。

不再赘述。

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