【“福”门弄斧】两道英文阅读题的解读
(2009-03-10 17:43:56)
标签:
杂谈 |
【文:老罗培训 许可】
在校内看到有同学写日志 问英文阅读理解问题,试着解答一下。
这位同学的问题:
对 应的原文是这样的:The Freudian perspective, in a sense, sees us as "steam engines", by holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions.
Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that people
B. usually release aggression in explosive ways
C. must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up
OG给的答案是C,但是俺们阅读老师觉得,C选项给人的感觉是人们会去想着“我要泄愤我要泄愤,我不能让它BUILD UP“。而这是违背常识的。所以老师选的是B。
我的解答:
我没看上下文,不过就我现在所见,OG的答案都是正确的。
问题1: 你摘抄原文不全这一点体现出你对问题的问法没有理解.题干是:Freud describes people as steam
engines in order to make the point that people...
翻译过来是:弗洛伊德把人们描述为steam
engines,其目的是为了表述这样一个观点:即人们应该有任何不爽就表达出来而不是等到爆发.(这里,你们老师把vent
aggression 翻译成泄愤是错误的, 文章应该就是就在讲小不爽和爆发怒火的区别,而把小小不爽翻译成泄愤等于误导自己).
注意:in order to是为了什么目的.
所以,这里不是让你重新描述弗洛伊德的"描述",而是让你指出他描述这个的"目的"--看这句很显然,他描述这个的目的是要表达一个"观点",而这一观点
就是:人们应该如何,不应该如何. 所以,你对问题理解的错误不仅仅是文章理解问题,更是对问题的问法和用词没理解.
简单说,在阅读理解中,要分清opinion和fact的区别. 在这篇文章中, fact是人们会把不爽积聚起来爆发. opinion是:不要如此,应该及时疏导. 明白了这个区别,上面那道题就没有难度了.
问题2
第二题你对答案中expect这个词的理解不准,导致选不出来。expect与hope不同,expect在英文中更贴切的意思是客观估计,而且把握大的估计,不是主观盼望。比如韦氏词典对expect这个词的读解有一条:4 a: to consider probable or certain。 而且后面有更详细的辨析。你可以看看 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/expect。 这个词理解有误,是我们学英文的时候用中文词义背单词带来的副产品,因为汉语英语绝非一一对应的语言,这么楞背的结果是,语感和语义精确性失去了,导致理解错误。
According to psychodynamic theory, the best ways to prevent harmful aggression may be to encourage less harmful aggression. In the steam-engine analogy, verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressive steam. So might cheering on one’s favorite sports team. Psychoanalysts, therapists adopting a psychodynamic approach, refer to the venting of aggressive impulses as “catharsis.” Catharsis is theorized to be a safety valve. But research findings on the usefulness of catharsis are mixed. Some studies suggest that catharsis leads to reductions in tension and a lowered likelihood of aggression. Other studies, however, suggest that letting some steam escape actually encourages more aggression later on.
严重同意许可老师的分析,补充3点: