NECESSITARIANISM, the doctrine of philosophical necessity which postulates that every event happens according to immutable laws. The will is free to act according to its own nature, but its choices, like all other events, are related necessarily to antecedent cause and natural law in a universal scheme of predetermined events. See also FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM; MECHANISM; VITALISM.

必然论（宿命论），哲学的必然性学说，该学说根据不可改变的法则假定了每一个事件的发生。意志是按照其自身的本性自由行动的，但像所有的其它事件一样，它的选择在预先确定事件的一个普遍方案中必然与前因和自然法则相关。也可参阅自由意志与决定论；机械论；活力论词条。

                                              2022年6月10日译

（译者注：该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版，第20卷，第54页）