本题是2011年上半年学位英语教材第11单元的课后阅读理解1。

本题是2010年下半年学位英语教材第11单元的课后阅读理解1。

本题是2008年下半年学位英语教材第11单元的课后阅读理解1。

本题是2009年下半年学位英语教材第11单元的课后阅读理解1。

本题是2010年上半年学位英语教材第11单元的课后阅读理解1。

Adaptation of Living Things

Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting foodorshelter， in providing protection， and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.

Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way， but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant， for example， depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun‘s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations， common to most plants. In addition， there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.

Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body colororshape， and many look like a leafora little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.

Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure， function， and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment， as do warm－blooded mammals， which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage， but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change， it finds it difficultorimpossible to readapt to the new conditions.

1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may

A） help others of their kind get food， shelter and other things needed.

B） survive even in extremely severe conditions.

C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.

D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.

2. In the first paragraph， the word environments could best be replaced by

A） contexts.

B） surroundings.

C） neighbors.

D） Enemies.

3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored

A） to frighten its enemies.

B） to attract its enemies.

C） to adjust its body heat.

D） to match its environment

4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned in the passage？

A） A living thing way adapt in its structure.

B） An organism may adapt in its function.

C） A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.

D） A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

5. The author cites the behavior of warm－blooded mammals in order to that a living thing may have the ability

A） to create an environment of its own.

B） to remain still when an enemy is near.

C） to make food from inorganic chemicals.

D） to change the color of its skin.

An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.

一个有机体可以创造自己的环境，正如温血的哺乳动物那样，它们能够调节体温，无论天气如何变化，都能保持理想的体温。

1.Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may

C .become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.

2.In the first pargraph, the last word “environment” could best be replaced by “ B .surroundings ”

3.It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored D .to mach its environment.

4.Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned in the passage?

D .A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

5.The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to explain that a living thing may have the ability

A .to create an environment of its own

【翻译】 

    一些动物和植物有某种特性，可以帮助它们来更好的适应环境。这种自然地生物过程叫做适应。由适应演变形成的高级特性可以帮助它们获得食物和房子，保护自己，繁衍和保护后代。这样就造成了进化过程中越来越多的有机物能更好的适应环境。

    每种生物都有适合自己的生活方式。比如说，一种植物要依赖于它牢固的跟，吸收水分和无机肥料。它靠它的绿叶利用阳光的能量从无机肥中获得养分，这些都是一般的适应，是大多数植物共有的。另外，还有一些特别的适应是某些植物特有的。

    一些动物的适应性可以帮助它们从敌人面前逃脱。一些昆虫用用它们的肤色或形状来做掩护，还有一些，看起来就像一片树叶或树枝，鹿的外表可以和环境混和在一起，许多动物面对敌人还可临危不惧。

    有机体有许多适应方式，它们也许在结构上，功能上和遗传方面适应，在后代的成长中或在其他方面。有机体可以创造自己的环境，就像是温血的哺乳动物，尽管天气会变化，它们也能调节自己的体温。通常适应是一个优势，但有时候它们太适应某种环境以至于如果条件突然改变，它们会很难适应新的环境。

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