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本文选自《卫报》2016年5月16日一篇名为“Has
celebrity feminism failed?”的文章。本文围绕Amy
Schumer,Patricia
Arquette和Emma
Watson三大明星女权主义者,剖析娱乐行业运行机制,一针见血地指出明星在投身女权主义事业时“说多做少”的症结所在,要求公众、媒体、社会跳出以往对于明星宣扬社会理念的陈规观念,淡化明星的个人角色,少一些套路,多一些真诚,实实在在为性别平等的美好愿景添砖加瓦。
【原文及翻译】
I ①At
its simplest, the difference between celebrity-branded
feminism and a feminist movement as a social and political
force is that one is about individuals and the other about
systems. ②Individual celebrities are great at putting an
appealing face on social issues. ③But the
celebrity machine is one that runs on neither complexity nor
nuance, but on cold, hard
cash. ④Emphasizing the personal
empowerment
of individual actors, comedians and
pop stars – whether for itself or in relation to others – only
serves to pull focus from the ways in which their industries make
money from stereotyping
and devaluing women.
简单来说,打上明星标签的女权主义与作为一种社会政治力量的女权运动,区别在于前者关乎个体而后者关乎整体。作为个体的明星在社会问题上擅长示以光鲜靓丽的形象,而明星的运行机制却简单而粗暴:要的就是真金白银。强调演员、喜剧演员、流行明星作为个体的自身力量,不论是就其本身而言还是就他人而言,充其量只是为了掩人耳目,来转移人们对于娱乐圈通过歧视和贬低女性敛财的关注。
II ①Is it
celebrities’ responsibility to fix those industries
single-handedly?
Of course not. ②But it is
also not ridiculous to suggest that publicly taking on feminism as
a pet
cause should ideally be more
than just basking in the media attention
you get for taking that
stance.
明星就应该单枪匹马去解决娱乐圈的问题吗?当然不是。但顺理成章的一点是:公开表明自己热衷女性主义,不该止步于通过此举博取媒体关注并享受其中。
III ①As with
branding, celebrity isn’t about complexity, but about offering up
an enticing package that the largest number of people can
understand with the smallest amount of effort. ②Which is
why it seems important to approach and query celebrities in a way that corporate media will
never do. ③Instead of asking celebrities how they define
feminism, we should ask how they enact it in their work and their
communities. ④Rather than
focusing on the clothes they wear when agitating for causes, we can find ways to
amplify
their messages.
就像在搞品牌推广,明星不需要牵扯一些复杂的东西,只需要吸引人们的注意,呈现出对于大多数人简明易懂的东西就好。正因如此,我们要用与企业媒体截然不同的方式看待明星、向他们提问,这一点非常重要。不要再问他们对于女性主义如何定义,问问他们如何在自己的工作和社区中身体力行。不要再让明星通过穿衣打扮为社会问题吸睛,要让他们的所想所言振聋发聩。
IV ①These are
not unreasonable requests, but we’ve been conditioned
to think they
are by a mediated
celebrity culture. If celebrities
truly have
a stake in feminism, it can no
longer be about who is “bravely” embracing a maligned word. ②We’ve spent
enough time patting actors and pop
stars on
the back for
“redefining” feminism with their
beauty and appeal, or “changing the game” simply by showing up and
agreeing that, yes, totally, we should all be equal.
③Media and pop culture have to help change
the narrative whereby simply claiming a feminist
identity stands in for
doing work in the service of
equality.
这些要求自有其道理,但我们总是习惯将他们置于以媒体为中介的名人文化。明星如果想要真正参与女性主义事业,不能再如以往般止步于“勇敢地”接受女性主义这个备受争议的字眼。我们向来不吝赞美演员和流行明星以美貌和魅力“重新定义”女权主义,他们仅仅露个面,说一句“是的,当然,我们生而平等”就是在“扭转局势”。声称自己是女权主义者即可不必为促进性别平等出力,这一观点必须要借力于媒体和流行文化予以纠正。
V ①It can no
longer be about who says they stand for feminism, but about how
they stand for it. ②Like past
Hollywood stances on Aids awareness, environmentalism, antiwar
activism and more, celebrity feminism may well fade
out to make way for the
next big thing, but while it’s here, we have a small chance to
refocus the spotlight.
支持女权主义,重要的不应再是“你是谁”,而是“怎么做”。正如好莱坞曾同样关注防范艾滋病意识、环境保护主义、反战行动主义等,明星女权主义可能也只是昙花一现,终被取代。但在其盛行之时,调整人们关注的焦点也是不无希望。
(“Has
celebrity feminism failed?” By Andi Zeisler. May 16th, 2016.
The Guardian. )
【词汇短语】
1*.
nuance [ˈnju:ɑ:ns]
n.
细微差别,微妙之处
2*. cold,
hard cash
现金
3*.
empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt]
n.
赋权
4. stereotype ['stɛrɪətaɪp] n.
陈规,模式化
5*. devalue
[,di'vælju] v.(使)贬值
6*.
single-handed ['siŋɡl'hændid]
a.
单独的
7*.
pet cause
爱好
8*.
bask in(在某种环境或情况下)感到温暖、乐趣、愉快或舒适
9*. take the
stance
持……观点/立场
10*.
enticing [ɪn'taɪsɪŋ]
a. 诱人的
11*. query
['kwɪərɪ] v.
询问,表示怀疑
12. agitate ['ædʒɪteɪt] v.
鼓动,困扰
13. amplify ['æmplɪfaɪ] v.
放大,增强
14*. be
conditioned to
习惯于
15*. have a
stake in
参与,与…利害攸关
16*. maligned
[mə'laɪn] a.
备受诋毁的,争议颇多的
17*. pat sb.
on the back
表扬/称赞某人
18. narrative ['nærətɪv] n.
叙述,讲述
19*. fade
out
淡出,渐弱
(注:标*的为超纲词)
【点评】
段I 首发句界定概念,简明扼要指出明星代言的女性主义的与众不同:更注重个体影响,而传统意义上的女权运动则是社会领域与政治领域的一种集体行为,此番对比引起了读者的好奇。②句对所谓的celebrity-branded进行说明,一个are
great at体现了微妙的讽刺语气。③句But通过转折进行前后对比,与明星表面的风光无限不同,其背后的运行机制说到底就是钱,②③句共同为后文的批判做出铺垫。④句于是指出,明星代言社会理念,看似是在利用自身影响引领风潮,实则是在为整个娱乐圈谋取利益掩人耳目,而这种敛财方式恰恰就是在歧视和贬低女性。逻辑层层嵌套,直指这种做法无异于自相矛盾。
那么读者不禁要问,这难道是明星的错吗?作者当然要在此澄清,段II于是用大家易于接受和认同的观点来纠正读者对作者意图可能存在的误解,那就是:表明自己是女权主义可以,但不应以此哗众取宠。借助这一立论,作者为后文提倡的“应该如何”埋下伏笔。
段III开始由“破”过渡到“立”,①句将明星代言社会理念与产品进行品牌推广做了个对比。顾客也许并不清楚某个新产品的性能,但只要提供诱人的套装服务,大家都会愿意去尝试。那么明星效应也是如此,明星本人并不需要对所代言的社会理念有多么深刻的认识,只需要通过自己的光鲜外表把最简单的东西呈现出来,增强公众的信心与兴趣就好。complexity一词在第一段描述娱乐圈运行机制时也有所提及,这里呼应了前文。②句承接上文,解释了我们需要做出改变的紧迫性与重要性,不能再被企业媒体牵着鼻子走。③④句式类似,instead
of...we should,rather
than...we can正反论述加强了语气,指出支持女权主义需要的不是空话和噱头,而是实实在在的理念和行动。
作者既然提出了应该如何去做,那么势必会遇到困难和阻力。段IV首先提到的一个问题就是我们对媒体的惯性依赖,为下文作者提出对媒体的要求埋下伏笔。随即②句指出,长期以来,公众对于明星代言社会理念太过纵容,要求太低,仿佛打扮得美美的,再说上几句大白话就能扭转局势,明星如若有心参与,要做的还有更多。据此,③句提出,不仅明星个人,整个媒体和文化行业都要协助做出实实在在的改变。
最后一段总结全文论点并提出对未来的展望。作者认为,支持女权需要淡化个人角色,切身躬行。同时,②句对于标题“明星女权主义失败与否”也给出了开放式回答,虽然按照经验来看,女权主义的话题很可能会被淹没,但就当下而言,还是有望作出些许调整的。由此可以看出,作者通篇虽然批判了明星女权主义,但在提出了改进方式之后,总体态度还是属于modestly
positive。