2018年高考英语试题及答案（全国卷II）

英语试题

（本试卷共12页。时间：120分钟  总分：150分）

 

第一部分   听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. £ 19. 15B. £ 9. 18 C. £ 9. 15

答案是 C。

第一节

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

 1. What does John find difficult in learning German?

   A. Pronunciation.

   B. Vocabulary.

   C. Grammar.

2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

   A. Colleagues.

   B. Brother and sister.

   C. Teacher and student.

3. Where does the conversation probably take place?

   A. In a bank.

   B. At a ticket office.

   C. On a train.

4. What are the speakers talking about?

   A. A restaurant.

   B. A street.

   C. A dish.

5. What does the woman think of her interview?

   A. It was tough.

   B. It was interesting.

   C. It was successful.

第二节

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. When will Judy go to a party?

   A. On Monday.

   B. On Tuesday.

   C. On Wednesday.

7. What will Max do next?

   A. Fly a kite.

   B. Read a magazine.

   C. Do his homework.

 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. What does the man suggest doing at first?

   A. Going to a concert.

   B. Watching a movie.

   C. Playing a computer game.

9. What do the speakers decide to do?

   A. Visit Mike.

   B. Go boating.

   C. Take a walk.

 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. Which color do cats see better than humans?

   A. Red.

   B. Green.

   C. Blue.

11. Why do cats bring dead birds home?

   A. To eat them in a safe place.

   B. To show off their hunting skills.

   C. To make their owners happy.

12. How does the man sound at the end of the conversation?

   A. Grateful.

   B. Humorous.

   C. Curious.

 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13. Who is Macy?

   A. Ed’s mother.

   B. Ed’s teacher.

   C. Ed’s friend.

14. How does Ed usually go to kindergarten?

   A. By car.

   B. On foot.

   C. By bus.

15. What does Ed enjoy doing at the kindergarten?

   A. Telling stories.

   B. Sing songs.

   C. Playing with others.

16. What do the teachers say about Ed?

   A. He’s clever.

   B. He’s quiet.

   C. He’s brave.

 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. At what age did Emily start learning ballet?

   A. Five.

   B. Six.

   C. Nine.

18. Why did Emily move to Toronto?

   A. To work for a dance school.

   B. To perform at a dance theater.

   C. To learn contemporary dance.

19. Why did Emily quit dancing?

   A. She was too old to dance.

   B. She failed to get a scholarship.

   C. She lost interest in it.

20. How does Emily feel about stopping training?

   A. She’s pleased.

   B. She’s regretful.

   C. She’s upset.

 

第二部  阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节  (共15题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Summer Activities

Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children’s choices.

Activity

Description

Member

of staff

Cost

Outdoor Adventure

(OUT)

Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.

Mr.Clemens

￡140

WWⅠBattlefields and Paris (WBP)

On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War Ⅰbattlefields. On day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.

Mrs. Wilson

￡425

Crafty foxes (CRF)

Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushion and decorations… Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.

Mrs. Goode

￡30

Potty about Potter (POT)

Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatly-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.

Miss Drake

￡150

21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?

A. OUT.              B. WBP.              C. CRF.           D.POT.

22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?

A. Travel to London                        B. see a parade and fireworks.

C. Tour central Paris.                       D. Visit the WWI battlefields.

23. How long does Potty about Potter last?

A. Two days.          B. Four days          C. Five days      D. One week.

 

B

Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C.

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A. They contain protein.     c       B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.     D. They are rich in antioxidants.

25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

A. To make them smell better.     B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening.     D. To improve their nutrition.

24. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert.     B. A drink.     C. A container.   D. A machine.

25. From which is the text probably taken?

A. A biology textbook.     B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper.     C. A travel brochure.

 

C

Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.

While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.

According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”

The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session had declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.

When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.

The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.

At the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take the chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.

28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?

A. Children’s reading habits.

B. Quality of children’s books.

C. Children’s after-class activities.

D. Parent-child relationships.

29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?

A. In paragraph 2   B. In paragraph 3   C. In paragraph 4   D. In paragraph 5

30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?

A. E-books are of poor quality.

B. It could be a waste of time.

C. It may harm children’s health.

D. E-readers are expensive.

31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?

A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.

C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.

 

D

We’ve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It is possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indian University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”

Dunn believes that people who research out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.

32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

   A. Addiction to smartphones.

   B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

   C. Absence of communication between strangers.

   D. Impatience with slow service.

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

   A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.

   C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.

34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

   A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.

   C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.

35. What is the best title for the text?

   A. Conversation Counts

   B. Ways of Making Small Talk

   C. Benefits of Small Talk

   D. Uncomfortable Silence

 

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.      36————  Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

l Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready

to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.   37 ———— 

l Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start.   38————   If you work out in

the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.

l   39————   Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.

l   40 ————  If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.

There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

A. You will stick to your diet.

B. Your quality of sleep improves.

C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E. You can keep you head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up.

 

第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节  完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d   41   seen him. So imagine my   42   when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.

I was   43   ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to   44  . The bay was   45   in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little   46  , I realized one kayak (皮筏艇) was in   47  . “Something’s not  48   !” I took off my T-shirt and   49   into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was   50   violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped   51   the young man out of water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something   52   to me. Those brown eyes were very  53   “What’s his name?”I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I   54  . That stranger was my son.

The instructors called for an ambulance.   55  , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to   56   and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben   57   to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said. “You   58   my life!”

I still can’t believe what a   59   it was. I’m just so glad I was there   60   to help my son.

 

41. A. also     B. often    C. even   D. last

42. A. delight   B. relief   C. anger     D. worry

43. A. scared  B. shocked  C. thrilled  D. ashamed

44. A. talk   B. stay   C. meet   D. settle

45. A. bathed   B. clean   C. deep   D. formed

46. A. faster   B. closer   C. heavier   D. wiser

47. A. trouble   B. advance   C. question   D. battle

48. A. real   B. right   C. fair   D. fit

49. A. stared   B. sank   C. dived   D. fell

50. A. arguingB. fighting  C. shoutingD. shaking

51. A. leadB. persuadeC. carryD. keep

52. A. happenedB. occurredC. appliedD. appealed

53. A. sharpB. pleasantC. attractiveD. familiar

54.A. agreedB. hesitatedC. doubtedD. knew

55. A. FortunatelyB. FranklyC. SadlyD. Suddenly

56. A. returnB. relaxC. speakD. leave

57. A. jokedB. returnedC. listenedD. pointed

58. A. createdB. honoredC. savedD. guided

59. A. coincidenceB. changeC. pityD. pain

60. A. on boardB. in timeC. for sureD. on purpose

 

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country   61_______    (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over   62 _______  past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is   63 _______   (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice   64_______    (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water   65  _______  rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased   66_______    (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total   67 _______   (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government   68  _______  (start) a soil-testing program   69  _______  gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while   70_______    (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.

 

第四部分  写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节  短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有三处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词；

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉； 

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.   

第二节  书面表达（满分25分）

你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：

1. 短片内容：学校的发展；

2. 放映时间、地点；

3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Notice

There is a short English film this weekend.

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Student Union