加载中…2017高考书面表达(1)快速增分
(2017-03-07 09:54:29)| 分类： 句型写作 |
第一讲 答题要规范
满分很简单
求助信
[题型特点]
求助信是指写信人就某一个问题向收信人寻求帮助，希望收信人就写信人提出的问题提供帮助或给出针对性的解决方法。其结构为：
求助信①点明写信目的，清楚表明要寻求什么样的帮助②具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求③诚恳地提出希望，表达需要得到帮助的迫切心 情并表示感谢
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①My name is ...; I’m
writing to you for some help.
我的名字是……我写信向你求助。
②I’m writing a letter to
you to get some help about ...
我给你写信是想得到……方面的一些帮助。
③I am writing to ask you to
do me a favor. I have some difficulty in doing ..., which bothers
me a lot. So I have no choice but to turn to you for
help.
我写信向你求助。我在做……方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向你求助。
2．主体部分常用语
①I have met much difficulty
in doing sth....我在……方面遇到了很多困难。
②In the meanwhile/At the
same time, I beg you to ...so that ...
同时，我请求你……这样……
③I’m eager to get your
timely help./I’m eager for your timely help.我渴望得到你及时的帮助。
④Faced with/Facing so many
difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.面对如此多的困难，我不得不向你求助。
3．结尾常用语
①I will be very grateful if
you could help me .../I would appreciate it if you could do me a
favor and ...如果你能帮助我……我会非常感激。
②We do hope you can give us
some advice.我们非常希望你能给我们一些建议。
③Looking forward to your
reply. And I’d be really thankful.期待你的回复。我非常感激。
[满分模板]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I have met many difficulties in ...(遇到的困难)
First, ...Besides, ...What’s more, ...(分层次说明自己的困难)
Faced with so many difficulties, I have to
ask you for some help. Would you like to ...so
that I can...？(请求一) In the meanwhile, I beg you to
...(请求二) Also, I would like you to
...(请求三) I would appreciate it if you could do me
a favor and ...(表示感激)
Looking forward to your
reply.(表达期望)
Yours truly，
Li Hua
[满分范文鉴赏/默背] (2016•全国卷Ⅰ)
Dear Ms Jenkins，
I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you
something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also
want you to do me a favor.(写信目的)
In order to get some practical experience, I
am planning to take a parttime job in a foreign
company. I have already finished my application and resume. But
this is the first time that I have written an application and the
personal resume, so I don’t know if there is something important to
pay attention to. (讲述困难) So, I’m writing you this letter, hoping
you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can do me
the favor.(提出请求)
Looking forward to your reply. And I’d be
really thankful. (表达期望)
Yours，
Li Hua
[题型特点]
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以
firstly, secondly, thirdly
或
to begin/start with, then, later, last but
not least 等依次陈述建议，
具体结构为：
建议信
①表明写作意图
②具体的建议及理由
③指出采纳建议的好处
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
① I know you have some
trouble in ... after reading your letter. I am writing to give you
some suggestions/give you a
hand.
在读了你的信后，我知道你在……上有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议/帮助。
②You’ve asked me for advice
with regard to/regarding ...and I’ll try to make some useful
suggestions here.
③I’m sorry to know that you
are having some trouble with/in doing
... at the moment.得知此刻你遇到……麻烦我深感遗憾。
(满分秘诀：掌握牢固的，绝对不会出错的句型，坚决用，好不吝啬，甚至可以，重复使用，或稍加变化重复使用）
④I’m very glad to receive
your letter asking for my advice on how ...非常高兴收到你的来信，在信中，关于如何……你向我征求意见。
2．主体部分常用语
①When it comes to/As for
... I would like to suggest/recommend ...（小心不要出现中文式的错句）
（如，脑子一紧张写出suggest
you to do 的低级错误，阅卷老师，看到这样的低级句法错误，打个低分，一秒钟，跳到下一份试卷，继续改卷。此为：秒杀冤魂）
涉及/关于……我想建议……
②The following are my
suggestions./My suggestions are as follows.
我的建议如下。
③In my
opinion/Personally/As far as I’m concerned, it would be wise to
take the following action.
在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。
④You may/might as well do
...
你不妨做……
⑤I would like to suggest
that ...
我想建议……
⑥If I were you, I would
...
如果我是你，我会……
⑦It seems to me that you
could ...
我认为你可以……
⑧I think it would be more
beneficial if you could ...
我想如果你能……可能会更有利。
3．结尾常用语
①I hope you will find these
suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to
you.
我希望你认为这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。
②I hope you will take my
advice into consideration. If you have any questions or
requirements, please do not hesitate to tell me./If you have any
questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
我希望你会考虑我的建议。如果你有任何问题或要求，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。/如果你有任何问题，请随时问我。
③I believe you will take my
advice into account/consideration seriously.
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。
[满分模板赏析\默背]
Dear ________，(建议对象)
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my
advice on how to____________.(引出对方需要建议的主题)
Here are a few suggestions.(引出作者建议) First, it
is important to________.Then, it also helps to__________. Besides,
it should be a good idea to________. You can
also________.
As to________， I suggest ________.(需要具体到某一方面)
In addition，__________.(其他的建议) I’m sure
_______________.(预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心)
I hope __________.(表达愿望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[满分模板范文鉴赏/默背]
Dear
Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my
advice on how to learn Chinese well. (引出建议主题) Here are a few
suggestions. (引出个人建议) First, it is important to take a Chinese
course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice
with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV program
about Chinese after school, and read
books of
literature,
newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it
should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by
doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You
can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about
China and help you learn Chinese.(具体建议)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
感谢信
[题型特点]
感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的书信，有感谢和表扬双重意思。其结构为：
感谢信①点明写信目的②描述事件经过③再次表示感谢，表达回报心情
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I am writing to extend my
thanks/convey my gratitude to you for ...
我写这封信是因为……表达我对你的感激。
②I would like to convey in
this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for ...
在信中我要为……向您表达我诚挚的谢意。
③Thank you so much for the
gift you sent me. It’s one of the most wonderful gifts I ever
got.
非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好的礼物之一。
④I’d like to take this
opportunity to express my appreciation for your timely help and
assistance.
我谨借此机会表达对您给予我们及时的帮助和支持的感激。
⑤On behalf of my whole
family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for
...
我谨代表我全家对……表示真诚的感激之情。
⑥I will be more than
pleased if I have the opportunity to repay your kindness by
...
如果我有机会通过……报答你的好意，我会非常高兴。
⑦Many thanks for all the
things you have done in helping us to ...
非常感谢你为帮助我们……所做的一切。
2．结尾常用语
①Nothing will be able to
erase our wonderful memories, we will remember them
forever.
没有什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远牢记在心。
②Again, I would like to
express my warm thanks to you！/Thanks again for your kind
help.
我再次对你表示衷心的感谢。/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。
③Please accept my sincere
thanks and best wishes.
请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。
[黄金模板]
Dear ______，(感谢对象)
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude
to you for____________.(感谢的原因) If it had not been for your
assistance in ________________，(对方给你的具体帮助) I fear that I would have
been ________________.(没有对方帮助的结果)
Everyone agrees that it was you
who____________.(给出细节)
Again, I would like to express my warm thanks
to you! Please accept my gratitude.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[范文鉴赏]
Dear Li Ping，
How about your life? I’m writing to thank you
for your warm reception during my visit to Beijing this summer
holiday.(感谢的原因)
During the visit, I stayed at your home, and
you cooked three delicious meals for me. And you showed me around
quite a few places of interest, such as the Great Wall, the
Forbidden City and the Summer Palace. Besides, you took many
beautiful photos of me. What’s more, you went shopping with me. I
really had a wonderful time. Another thing that I should mention is
that your parents were so kind to drive us.
(具体帮助的细节)
Thank you for your kindness again and give my
best regards to your parents. (再次感谢)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
邀请信
[题型特点]
邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难，其结构为：
邀请信①表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请②说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容③期待对方接受邀请，并表示感谢
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①We’re throwing a surprise
party for ... We’d like to invite you to ... /It’s my honor to
invite you to ...
我们将为……举办惊喜派对。我们想邀请你……/我非常荣幸地邀请你……
②We are having/planning
...on ... and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join
us.
我们将于……举行……，如果你能加入我们就太好了。
③I am writing to invite you
to .../I’m writing to tell you that there will be a
...
④I am very pleased to
invite you to participate in ... to be held from ... to ... in
...
我很高兴邀请你参加从……到……在……举行的……
⑤ It is my pleasure/a great
honor for me to invite you to ...
如能邀请你参加……是我莫大的荣幸。
2．主体部分常用语
①Here are some details
about this activity./The following are some details about this
activity./Some details about this activity are as
follows.
活动的细节如下。
②I would like to meet you
there and please let me know your decision soon.
我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。
③I am sure you will have a
good time at ...
我相信你们在……将会玩得开心。
3．结尾常用语
①I would feel very honored
if you could come./We would appreciate it if you could confirm your
participation at your early convenience./An early reply is
appreciated.
如果你能来，我将倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感激你的早日回复。
②My phone number is ...
/Looking forward to ...
我的电话号码是……/盼望……
③My family and I would feel
much honored if you could come.
如果你能来，我和我的家人将会感到非常荣幸。
④I hope that you won’t
decline my invitation.
我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。
⑤Would you please drop me a
line to let me know if you can come to ...?
如果你能来……请写信告诉我，好吗？
⑥If you are interested in
it, let me know and I’ll send you more
information.
如果你对此感兴趣，告诉我，我会给你发送更多的信息。
[黄金模板]
Dear ________，(邀请对象)
How’s everything with you? I’m writing to
tell you that there will be a ________(活动) at/in ________(地点)on
________(时间)．I wonder if you’d like to go with
me.(发出邀请)
The occasion will start at ________.(具体时间)
This will be followed by a________.(进一步的安排) At
around____________(时间)，______________.(另一个安排)
If you are interested in it, let me know.
Hope to meet you at the_________. /I really hope you can make
it.(再次邀请) My phone number is ________(电话号码)．Looking forward
to____________.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
[范文鉴赏]
Dear Jim，
I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for
the summer holiday. I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I
wonder if you’d like to go with me.(点出活动；发出邀请)
This camp will open on July 20th. It offers
teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn
about Chinese culture. If you are interested in it, let me know and
I’ll send you more information.(具体时间、大致内容等)
Hope to meet you at the training camp this
summer. (再次邀请)
Yours，
Li Hua
投诉信
[题型特点]
在生活中，通常用写投诉信的方式解决诸如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等问题。
投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施，或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。其结构为：
投诉信①交代要投诉的问题②描述投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果③提出解决方案
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I am writing to express my
dissatisfaction with/at ...
我写此信表达我对……的不满。
②I’m ... who bought ...
from your website several days ago. I am writing to complain about
...
我是几天前从你们的网站上购买了……的……。我写信投诉……
③I was very disappointed to
see ...
我非常失望地发现……
2．主体部分常用语
①I have suffered a lot of
pains.
我遭受了很大的痛苦。
②I can hardly put up with
it any more.
我再也无法容忍它。
③I am completely
disappointed to find ... To improve the situation, it is advisable
for you to take the following measures./I do hope that someone will
take effective measures to deal with this matter.
当我发现……我彻底失望了。为了改进这种情况，建议你采取以下措施。/我真的希望有人能采取有效措施解决这个问题。
3．结尾常用语
①I would be very delighted
if you could consider my complaint seriously. I do hope ...will be
improved as soon as possible./I do hope you can give me a
satisfactory reply as soon as possible. Thank you for your
consideration.
如果你能认真对待我的投诉，我会非常高兴。我确实希望……将会尽快得到改善。/我确实希望你可以尽快给我一个满意的答复。感谢你的体谅。
②If you do not solve this
problem, I will/shall ...
如果你们不解决这一问题，我将……
③... refund the cost and
pay me damages.
……退回费用并赔偿我的损失。
④I hope you will kindly
investigate ...
我希望你对……进行调查。
⑤I would like you to get
this matter settled by the end of this month.
我想让你月底前解决这件事情。
[黄金模板]
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is/I’m ________.(自我介绍) I am writing
to you for something/to tell you something about
________(投诉的内容)．
_____________.(简述导致矛盾的事件)
I__________.(表达本人曾做过的努力) But ________________. (投诉原因一)Besides,
________________.(投诉原因二) To be frank，____________.(客观的评论，以示诚恳) I do
hope/I require that___________.(表达本人期待的解决方案)
Thank you for your time and kind
consideration.(信件结尾的常用语)
Yours，
________
[范文鉴赏]
Dear Headmaster，
I am a student in Class One, Grade Two and I
am Li Hua. Recently, I have found that the waste in our school is
very serious. If you go around the school, you will find the lights
are burning day and night. In addition, you will also find taps
running all the time. In the dining room, food is thrown away
everywhere and there are a lot of useful things in the litter
bins.(自我介绍；投诉内容)
Faced with these phenomena, I feel worried.
Although our country is becoming richer and richer now, we still
need to save everything because saving is one of virtues of the
Chinese. Do you agree with what I said? Would you like to ask all
the students to promote saving and oppose waste? I am expecting
your answer. (投诉原因；期待解决方案)
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
申请信
[题型特点]
申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面谈的机会。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点，并要注意人称和时态的变化，避免出现逻辑混乱。其结构为：
申请信①点明目的，自我介绍，点出信息来源②详述个人优势，简述个人要求③表达感谢，简述获准后的打算，期待对方优 先考虑
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I learned on your website
that ...
我从你们的网站上得知……
②I’m writing to apply for
the position of ...
我写信申请……的职位。
③I am writing this letter
to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for
...
我写信推荐自己为……的合格人选。
④I am interested in ...and
wish to enter this significant program.
我对……感兴趣，希望加入到这个重要项目中。
⑤I am writing to you in the
hope that I may obtain an opportunity to ...
我写信给你是希望我可以获得一个……的机会。
2．主体部分常用语
①As an outgoing ... I get
along well with my classmates.
作为一名外向的……我和同学们相处得很好。
②For one thing, I can help
... For another thing, I can improve my English, make more friends,
and enrich my life.
一方面，我能帮助……另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，并充实生活。
③I am confident that I’m
suitable for ... /I’m qualified to do ... /I’m equal to (doing)
...
我确信，我适合……/我有做……的资格/我能胜任(做)
……
3．结尾常用语
①I would appreciate it if I
have the chance of doing/to do ...
如果我有做……的机会，我将不胜感激。
②Should you offer me an
interview, I would be most grateful. Looking forward to your reply
soon.
如果您能给我提供面试的机会，我将非常感激。期待您的早日答复。
③I look forward to a
favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
期待在您方便的时候给我一个肯定的答复。
④I would greatly appreciate
it if you could take my application into
consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
[黄金模板]
模板1
Dear Sir/Madam，
I’m_________.(简单自我介绍) When I was reading the
advertisement，___________.(表达看到相关广告后的感受) I think it’s a good
opportunity for me to ______________.(应聘的原因) Therefore I recommend
myself to you without hesitation.
I ____________________.(陈述本人的性格优势) For one
thing, I can ________.(陈述本人特长一) For another thing, I
can___________________.(陈述本人特长二)
Please contact me at
______________(你的联系方式一：电话号码)．Or email me
at_________________(你的联系方式二：电子邮箱地址)．
I am looking forward to your early
reply.
Yours
sincerely,
Li Hua
模板2
Dear Sir/Madam，
I’m________________.(自我介绍) I’m writing to
apply for the position _______.(说明写信目的) I really want to obtain
this precious opportunity because________.(说明自己为什么很想得到这次宝贵机会)
________. Besides，_________.(分层次说明自己的优势)
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to
your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind
consideration.
Looking forward to your
reply.(表达期望)
Yours truly，
Li Hua
[范文鉴赏]
范文鉴赏1
Dear Mr. Brown，
My name is Li Hua. I want to apply for a
position in your firm. (简介；应聘职位)
Now, I’d like to introduce myself to you. I
graduated from a college three years ago and since then I have
worked as a lawyer. I’m good at English and know some Japanese. I
work hard and am careful in everything I do. I’m honest, kind and
easy to get on with. I was born on October 1,1985 in Hefei, Anhui
Province, China. I’m married and live at No.66 Jinzhai Road, Hefei.
(本人特长、优势等)
I have great interest in your firm. If I am
accepted, I will do my best. I’m sure I will be fit for the
position. If you agree with me, please call me at
2856688.(获准后的打算；联系方式等)
Yours truly，
Li Hua
范文鉴赏2
Dear Ms Chen，
I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3.
I’m writing to apply for the position as a student
volunteer.(简介；申请职位)
I really want to obtain this precious
opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to
improve communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking
English in public. (申请原因)
As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my
classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I
am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have
lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my
class, which has been appreciated by both teachers and my
classmates. (本人优势)
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to
your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind
consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.
(表达期望)
Yours truly，
Li Hua
推荐信
[题型特点]
从推荐者的情况来分，可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。其结构为：
推荐信①自我介绍及所推荐人物②推荐理由③期待对方回复，并表示感谢
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I’m very pleased to learn
that you are going to ... I’m writing this letter to offer my
recommendation.
得知你将……我很高兴，我写这封信是向你提供我的建议。
②Please allow me to
introduce one of my best friends to you.
请允许我向你介绍一位我最好的朋友。
③I am writing to introduce
one of my college classmates in Beijing.
我写信是要介绍一位我在北京时的大学同学。
④I am very glad to have
this chance to write to you to ...
我很高兴能有这次机会给你写信……
2．主体部分常用语
①The reason why I recommend
... is that ...
我推荐……的原因是……
②So I hold the belief that
...be(am/is/are) quite suitable for the post.
所以我相信……很适合这个职位。
3．结尾常用语
①Thanks for your attention
and hope to receive your reply.
多谢你的关注，希望能收到你的回复。
②I would be grateful if you
could give me a kind consideration.
如果你能对我予以仔细考虑我将不胜感激。
③I would be most grateful
if you could lend due attention to this letter and contact me at
...
如果你能给予此信一定的关注并通过……和我联系，我将非常感激。
④I’ll be more than happy if
you can take my suggestions/ideas into
consideration.
如果你能考虑我的建议/想法，我会非常高兴。
[黄金模板]
Dear___________，
I’m ___________.(自我介绍) I was asked to write
to you to recommend________(要推荐的人) to
be/do___________(要做的职位或事情)．
His/Her performance was outstanding. He/She
is a diligent boy/girl, who can ______.(优势一) What’s more,
____________.(优势二) I’m sure he/she can________. Therefore, I here
recommend him/her to you with all my
heart.
If you have any questions about it, please
contact me.
Looking forward to your
coming.(表达期望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
[范文鉴赏]
Dear Peter，
I’m Li Ming, Chairman of the Students’ Union.
It’s great to hear that you are coming to teach in our school next
semester. I was asked to write to you to recommend Li Hua, a Senior
3 student of 18, to be your
assistant.(自我介绍；推荐人的情况)
Her performance in the school years was
outstanding. Li Hua is a diligent girl, who can use the computer
skillfully and has a gift for communicating with others. What’s
more, she is one of the top ten students in our school, and her
spoken English is extremely excellent. I’m sure she can be helpful
in your work and life in China. Therefore, I here recommend her to
you with all my heart. (推荐人的优势)
If you have any questions about it, please
contact me.
Looking forward to your
coming.(表达期望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
道歉信
[题型特点]
道歉信是因过失或疏忽做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后为了给对方赔礼道歉而写的信件。其结构为：
道歉信①表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意②说明道歉的具体原因③再次表明歉意，请求谅解，并提出补救措施
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I am writing this letter
to apologize to you for ...
我写这封信是因……向你道歉。
②I am writing to
express/convey my deepest apology to you.
我写信向你表达我深深的歉意。
2．主体部分常用语
①I regret to inform you
that I can not/am unable to ...
我遗憾地告知你我不能……
②I am sorry for my not
being able to ... due to the fact that ...
我非常抱歉我不能……因为……
③Much to my regret, I was
unable to ... and I wish that my apology could help to some
extent.
很遗憾，我不能够……希望我的道歉在某种程度上能起到作用。
④I remember we planned to
... but now because ... I cannot ... with you as
planned.
我记得我们原本计划……但是现在由于……我不能与你如期……
⑤I must apologize for any
inconvenience it may have caused you.
为此事可能给你带来的任何不便，我深表歉意。
3．结尾常用语
①Once again, I’m sorry for
any inconvenience caused.
对于造成的任何不便我再次表示歉意。
②I sincerely hope that you
will be able to think in my position and accept my
apologies.
我衷心地希望你能够站在我的角度考虑一下，并接受我的道歉。
③Please accept my sincere
apology for ...once more.
请为……再次接受我真诚的道歉。
④I sincerely hope that you
will kindly accept my apologies.
我衷心希望你能友好地接受我的道歉。
[黄金模板]
Dear________，
I am sorry to tell you
that___________.(陈述道歉原因) Now I am writing you this letter of
apology to show my deep regret.
I hope you will understand me and excuse me
for_____________.(请求对方原谅的事由) The reason for my delay/absence was/is
that________.(解释道歉原因) Therefore
_______.
I sincerely hope that you can accept my
apology and understand it. I would appreciate your allowing me to
__________.(提出补救措施) Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience
caused.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[范文鉴赏]
Dear Tom，
I am indeed very sorry that I am unable to go
to Beijing with you next weekend, which I have promised. I feel
sorry about it and want you to know what happened.
(直接说出写信意图)
Just now, my cousin Li Qiong, who left home
for Australia for his further study last year, informed me that he
would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at
the airport with his family. You know, we haven’t seen each other
for nearly a year.(说明道歉的具体原因)
I sincerely hope you can accept my apology
and understand it. I would appreciate your allowing me to make
another date to show you around Beijing. Once again, I’m sorry for
any inconvenience caused. (再次希望对方接受道歉；提出补救措施)
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
普通书信/电子邮件
[题型特点]
英文email和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同，其开头、结尾常常都会给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I am very glad to have
received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.
我很高兴收到你两星期前寄给我的信。
②How are you getting along
with ...
你近来……进展如何？
③Sorry to reply to your
letter so late.
抱歉这么晚才给你回信。
④There is nothing happier
to me than to receive your letter.
再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。
⑤I received your
email(yesterday/last week/this morning ...
)
我(昨天/上周/今天早上……)收到了你的电子邮件。
⑥Your
email has been received.
你的邮件已经收到。
2．主体部分常用语
①I’ve been thinking about
the question you wrote in the letter. In my opinion, you should
...
我一直在思考你信中提到的问题。在我看来，你应该……
②If necessary, we can
arrange a facetoface discussion
sometime this week.
如果有必要，本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。
3．结尾常用语
①I’ll greatly appreciate a
response from you at your earliest convenience.
请在方便时尽早回信，我将非常感激。
②Give my best
regards/wishes to your mother.
代我向你的母亲表示良好的祝愿。
③I am looking forward to
your earliest reply.
盼望着你早日回复。
④Expecting to hear from you
as soon as possible.
盼望能尽快收到你的来信。
[黄金模板]
Dear __________，
I’m________________. I am writing to talk
about____________.(提出主题) I like it very much mainly for the
following reasons. First，________________， I think, are/is very
popular with________.(原因一) What’s more, along with________ there
are_______.(原因二) However，__________.Therefore, I’d like to
suggest__________.(个人看法)
Best regards.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
[范文鉴赏]
Dear
EditorinChief，
Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of
Global Mirror! I’m a regular reader of your newspaper. I like it
very much mainly for the following two reasons. First, it covers
both national and international news so that, by simply turning the
pages, I can learn all important things that have happened during
the week. Equally attractive are the success stories of
worldfamous people, which help me understand how a
person can work hard to make the world a better place.
(具体原因)
As a young student, I suggest that Global
Mirror carry articles to guide us in our English learning, and I
hope that it will become even more popular.
(个人看法；祝愿)
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
第二讲 词句不靓怎么办——4大策略“启开窍”
高考英语书面表达评分标准对第五档的要求有这样一段话：应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。
我们可以从正反两方面来解读该要求：考生如果有意识地去使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇，在这个过程中即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可以不扣分，文章仍属于最高档次；相反，如果考生仅使用基础词汇和基本句型，不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使作文中无语法错误也不能给高分。这就要求考生尽可能盘活英语词汇，尝试灵活使用较复杂的句型和结构，使文章有声有色，从而提升得分档次。
独辟蹊径，不落俗套
1．高级词汇、高级用法创造亮点
(1)书面表达的评分标准鼓励考生使用较高级的词汇，这就意味着考生应在力所能及的情况下尝试使用高级词汇，通过高级词汇来展示自己的写作水平，从而提高书面表达的得分档次。
[例1] 在周末我们有很多作业。
普通表达：At the weekend, we have a lot of
homework to do.
高级表达：At the weekend, we have endless homework
to do.
[例2] 听到这个消息，我感到有点儿灰心。
普通表达：Hearing the news, I felt a little
discouraged.
高级表达：Hearing the news, I felt kind of
discouraged.
[例3] 他们帮助我们更好地了解科学学科并且唤起我们对科学发现的好奇心。
They help us understand science subjects
better and arouse our curiosity about scientific
discoveries.
(2)其实一些普通词汇如果使用了较新颖的表达形式，或在特定的语言环境下将其运用得恰到好处，也可视为高级用法。
[例1] 他低着头，一言不发地站在老师的面前。
He stood before his teacher silently, with
his head down. (with这个普通词汇用在复合结构中，产生了高级表达的效果)
[例2] 猫跳过矮墙，爬上楼梯，然后钻进角落里的一个洞里去了。
The cat jumped over the short wall, up the
stairs and then into a hole in the corner. (句中的over, up, into
都是普通词汇，但是用在这样一个特定的语境里，准确而生动，也可将其视为高级用法，从而提升了表达的档次)
2．最优表达创造亮点
very important — be of great
importance
be admitted to ... — be a member of
...
I want to know — I’m eager to
know
I wonder — I’m curious about
I don’t understand — I have no idea
about
Could you ...— Would you be so kind as to
...
3．句式多样、活泼生动创造亮点
(1)So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to
try my hand at riding
it.(“so＋形容词/副词”置于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装)
(2)Compared with the driver, I am proud of
what I did.(句首使用非谓语动词短语作状语，句尾使用what引导的宾语从句)
(3)As a member of the society, I am aware
that being responsible is what it takes to make a better
society.(ing形式短语作主语；紧接着使用了what
引导的表语从句)
(4)(2016•天津高考书面表达)What
impresses us most are your art skills, in which you showed
outstanding talent.(句首使用了what引导的主语从句结构；句末使用了由in
which引导的定语从句)
妙用情感类词汇
情感类词汇是指那些表达某种情绪感觉的词，如高兴、愤怒、同情、厌恶、乐观、悲伤等，以形容词、副词居多，也有名词、动词、短语等。如：glad,
pleased, delighted, interested, bored, happy, angry, optimistic,
satisfied, be glad to do sth., love, warm, lucky, luckily,
sincerely, rush, keep calm
等。在书面表达中使用恰当的情感类词汇，可使读者体会到文章的内在情感，实现表情达意的目的，同时也是让阅卷老师眼前一亮的地方。
1．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I
know you have a very busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you
could take some time to go through them and make necessary
changes.
2．Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus
and poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers
patient and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere
in class.
3．Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to
think about what to do to help.
4．And third, remain optimistic about your
future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in
lifting your spirits.
使用固定结构及高级语法
一篇优秀的文章离不开短语、句型以及修辞手法的支撑，如keep in mind, not
only ... but also ...
等短语、强调句型、with复合结构、非谓语动词、复合句、感叹句和倒装句等。
1．(2016•天津高考书面表达)At last, on
behalf of all the students in our school, I hope you will have a
safe and happy journey home and that there will be more programs
like this in the future.(介词短语作状语)
2．As scheduled, we have English Talent Show
today. (过去分词作状语)
3．Not until then did I realize words could be
powerful in both positive and negative ways.(倒装句)
4．What we need most are popular science
books. (主语从句)
5．The truth is that everyone will have one of
those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have
to worry so much.(表语从句；定语从句)
巧妙使用过渡性词汇
能清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想是考纲对考生的书面表达能力的要求之一。要做到文章上下连贯、逻辑严密，可以使用适当的过渡性词汇，因为过渡性词汇能增加句与句、段与段之间的连贯性。书面表达中常用的连接词归纳如下：
1．表示并列补充关系的过渡性词汇：besides, also, what’s more,
what’s worse, moreover, rather, further more, in addition (to), as
well as 等。
(1)Besides, it is, on some occasions, more
convenient to use English words.
(2)In addition to reading for knowledge, we
read for fun and inspiration.
(3)Rather, we should keep trying with
enthusiasm.
2．表示转折、对比、递进关系的过渡性词汇：but, however, yet,
instead, on (the) one hand ... on the other hand ..., although,
despite, in spite of, whereas, nevertheless, not only ... but also
..., the former ... the latter ..., some ... others
...等。
(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I
have just completed my application letter and resume.However, I am
not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve
used.
(2)They not only offer us joy and excitement,
but also encourage us to think
critically.
3．表示因果关系的过渡性词汇：since, as, because (of), for,
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that 等。
(1)I noticed the entrance was small and
almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a
report.
(2)Besides listening to teachers carefully in
class, I often work deep into night.Therefore, I believe I can
succeed.
(3)The important thing is to learn to control
your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll
regret.
4．表示条件关系的过渡性词汇：if, on condition that, so/as
long as, unless, or else 等。
(1)I’ll be glad if you can consider my
recommendation.
(2)“Nothing is impossible to a willing
heart”， as long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make
it, too.
5．表示时间关系的过渡性词汇：when, after, before, until,
then, as soon as, lately, recently, afterwards, since, in the
meantime, at the same time, suddenly, later,
presently等。
(1)I was about to give up when my father came
and encouraged me to keep going.
(2)Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in
his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggestions.
Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking
place.
6．表示顺序关系的过渡性词汇：above all, firstly, first,
first of all, secondly, second, next, finally, in the end, at
last等。
(1) In the coming three years, our school
life will be challenging.Firstly, we should learn to learn
efficiently.
(2)Finally, we should take part in sports and
outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build
up my body and enrich my school life.
7．表示举例说明的过渡性词汇：for example, for instance,
like, say, such as, for one thing ... for another ...
等。
(1)In my free time, I will continue to take
regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball
games.
(2)In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking
words from other languages, say, “ganbu” or “minzhu” from
Japanese.
8．表示总结的过渡性词汇：on the whole, in short, all in
all, in summary, in general, in one’s opinion, personally,
actually, as far as one is concerned, as far as one can see/know,
in a word, in conclusion, in brief, briefly, to sum
up等。
(1)In a word, my life will be much richer and
more colorful.
(2)Actually, we can’t succeed in everything
we try. What’s important is that we should stick at
it.
(3)Personally, I used to try effective
methods to achieve my academic goals.
附：高考常用的4组高级写作词汇
[第一组] 名词
1．机会chance→opportunity
2．选择choice→alternative
3．课程course→curriculum
4．影响effect→influence/impact
5．后果result→consequence
6．缺点shortcoming→drawback
7．方法way→approach
8．职业job→career/employment/profession
9．老人old people→the old/the elderly/the
aged/senior citizens
10．青少年young
people→youngsters/youths/adolescents
[第二组] 动词及动词短语
1．看见see→catch sight of
2．遇见meet→come across
3．遭遇meet with→encounter
4．拥有have→possess
5．提高develop/improve→promote
6．替代replace→substitute
7．面对face→be faced with
8．容忍bear→put up with
9．解决solve→deal with/cope
with
10．决定decide→determine/make up one’s
mind
11．考虑consider→take into
account/consideration
12．应该should→be supposed to
13．理解understand→make sense of/figure
out
14．使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage
of
15．道歉apologize→make an
apology
16．记住remember→bear/keep in
mind
17．发生happen→occur/come about
18．想起occur→think of/come up
with
19．感谢thank→appreciate
20．帮助某人help sb.→do sb. a/the
favor
21．节省save→set aside
22．参观visit→tour/pay a visit
to
23．分发hand out→distribute
24．站起stand up→get to one’s
feet
25．习惯于be used to→be accustomed
to
26．一定be sure to→be bound to
27．为……做准备prepare for→make preparations for/be
prepared for
28．反对be against→object to
29．厌烦be bored with→be fed up
with
30．忙于be busy in (with)→be occupied in
(with)/be buried in/be engaged in
31．闻名be famous for→have a reputation
for
32．感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at
ease
33．美化学校make our school beautiful→beautify our
school
34．置若罔闻refuse to listen to→turn a deaf ear
to
35．成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make
it
36．想做某事want to do sth.→seek/intend/desire to
do sth.
37．照看look after→attend to
38．尽力做某事try one’s best to do sth.→spare no
effort to do sth.
39．向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help→turn to sb.
for help
40．我认为I think→in my opinion/as far as I’m
concerned
[第三组] 形容词
1．令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking
2．贫穷的poor→needy/povertystricken
3．优秀的excellent→outstanding
4．明显的obvious→apparent/evident
5．常见的common→universal
6．充足的enough→adequate
7．勤奋的hardworking→diligent
8．可用的useful→available
9．艰难的difficult→challenging
10．坚强的strong→tough
11．重要的important→vital/significant
12．不可能的impossible→out of the
question
13．有趣的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing
14．小心谨慎的careful→cautious
15．幸运的lucky→fortunate
16．巨大的large→enormous
17．合适的proper→appropriate
18．丰富的rich→abundant
19．古老的old→ancient
20．唯一的only→unique
21．全部的whole→entire
22．富裕的rich→wealthy
[第四组] 其他(副词、连词、介词短语、数词)
1．突然suddenly→all of a sudden
2．立即immediately→in a flash
3．有时sometimes→occasionally/once in a
while/from time to time
4．另外；况且besides→in addition/what’s
more/moreover
5．因此so→therefore
6．第一first→to begin/start
with
7．第二second→in addition/what’s
more
8．最终finally→eventually
9．但是but→however
10．大多数most→the majority
11．许多a lot of→a large quantity/amount
of/endless
12．种类繁多的 all kinds of→a variety of/varieties
of/various
13．事实上in fact→as a matter of
fact/actually
14．例如for example→for
instance
15．几天前a few days ago→the other
day
16．故意on purpose→deliberately/by
design
17．因为because of→on account of/due to/owing
to/thanks to
18．总之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in
summary
19．由……构成be made up of→consist
of
20．越来越多more and more→an increasing number
of
21．因为because→in that
22．一……就……on/upon＋名词→as soon
as从句
23．如果if→suppose/supposing/on condition
that
24．即将到来coming soon→around/round the
corner
第三讲 结构不美怎么办——分合2字“要记牢”
作文的结构美就好比人的外在形象美，是赢得阅卷老师第一眼的关键。“一盘散沙”式作文或“一逗到底”式作文都很难入阅卷老师的法眼。怎样让结构美赢得“印象分”，记住两个字——分与合，即“分合有度，相映成趣”。
段落——合理分段，层次清晰
书面表达是主观题。阅卷时率先进入老师眼帘的是卷面、文章结构，因此我们既要重视卷面整洁，又要重视段落写作，即按时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序把相关联的内容安排在相应的段落内，从而做到主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰。这定会给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。
近年高考英语作文范文及高分作文，绝大多数为2～3段，还有个别范文为4段。即使当年提供范文为一个段落的，在阅卷时老师还是十分喜欢看到段落层次清晰的文章。请看下面的习作。
习作一：
Dear Sam,
Thank you for your concern(1). Now I’m
writing to tell you of something about my college entrance
examination(2). As usual, the examination is held on June 7th and
8th(3). On the first day, Chinese and math will be tested while
geography, history, politics and English will be tested on the
second day(4). As for me, I’ve been busy studying hard, preparing
for it in the last ten months(5) . What’s more, I’ve learned many
important skills from our teachers(6). I can do well in each
subject and rank the top ten students in our class(7). So now I’m
not afraid of the examination but confident of myself(8)．As far as
the test questions are concerned, I was afraid of math, but at last
I worked out all the problems(9) . Therefore, I believe I can get a
satisfying mark and I’m sure I can succeed(10)．
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Xia
该习作语言准确，且有效使用了连词、过渡词语，在内容上依次讲述了考试日期与科目、考试准备情况以及考试时的状态、对试题的感受和预测可能的结果等。但是，习作者没有分段，缺少框架意识，把所有内容混搭在一起，给阅卷老师判卷带来了困难，影响了得分。
如果把该文分为三段：即句(1)(2)为第一段，句(3)到句(8)为第二段，句(9)(10)为第三段。这样段落分明，结构清晰，自然会受到阅卷老师的青睐，起评分自然就高。
[建议] 从结构或段落入手进行练笔。无论何种体裁的文章，2～3段式的写作至关重要；必要时，在段落中可使用主题句，其他所有句子都围绕主题(句)展开；同时所有段落又都为全文中心大意服务。
句子——合并调整，简洁多样
在连句成文时，还会出现诸如句式单调、结构重复或语言冗余等问题。一个句子(包括一些经典句子)独立来看是好句子，但若置于篇章之中未必是适合行文的好句子。因此，需要对这些句子进行适当调整，完善表达。请看：
习作二：
Here is some useful advice for you to control
your temper.
First, you can try to communicate with your
parents，and you can communicate with your teachers or friends as
well (1). You can get along better with them in order that you can
let out your anger(2). You will not hurt them or yourself if you do
so(3). Second, it is important to do regular exercise(4). You can
play football or basketball(5). Third, it is important to keep high
mood(6). You should have a good mood every day(7) .You should also
renew your spirits and release your stress(8). You can have a good
attitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful
life(9)．
这是未加润色而直接合并要点句凑成的问题段落，主要表现在表达单调，简单句过多。第二段9个句子中，主要是you
can ..., you should ..., it is important
...，这与“句式多样”要求相去甚远。
为避免上述问题，我们可对这些句子进行优化组合。
如句(1)(2) 进行合并：即First, you can try to
communicate with your parents, teachers or friends, and get along
better with them in order to let out your anger.
句(3) 前增加In this way, 即In this way, you will
not hurt them or yourself.这样突出了前后句之间的逻辑关系。
句(4)(5)进行合并，同时用of importance
替换important，即Second, it is of importance to do regular exercise,
such as playing football or basketball.
句(6) 改变句子开头方式，即Keeping high mood is good for
our mental health.
句(7)(8)(9)也可合并，即You should have a good mood
every day, renew your spirits and release your stress, so that you
can have a good attitude ...
通过以上调整，整个段落长短句结合，还使用了非谓语、省略等复杂结构。句子个数减少了，但语句表现力和凝聚力却增强了。
[建议] 在连句成段/文时，可视情况采用添加、合并、简化(包括删减)或替代等方式以解决句式单调、结构重复、冗余累赘等问题。
在练笔时，应在力所能及的情况下，进行一句多译和句型转换练习(如合句或扩句等)，还要强化非谓语动词、独立主格、省略结构、介词短语的运用。
衔接——巧用过渡，起承转合
在评分标准中有“上下文的连贯性”和“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”的要求。这里所说的连贯性，就是指句与句之间、段与段之间衔接合理、条理清楚、通顺连贯。它讲究语言和逻辑上的完整性。除了按语意上的逻辑关系(如时间、空间、递增、递减、列举、归纳、演绎等)排列内容外，适当重现关键词(话题词)以及使用过渡词语，也是增加文章凝聚力的重要手段。请看：
习作三：
I’m Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. Now I’d
like to share my experience in practicing oral
English.
I’m always confident and not afraid of making
mistakes, which may embarrass me. I often take part in English
corners, where I’ve made many friends. Finally, I often watch
CCTV9 and learn the current events going on both
at home and abroad.
Practice makes perfect, as the saying goes.
Our hard work will finally be rewarded.
该习作仅把采集到的主要点和次要点一一罗列出来，似“一盘散沙”，缺少语句间的连贯性；同时参加英语角交朋友和看CCTV9似乎与提高口语水平没有直接的关联，让人一头雾水。
修改后：
I’m Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. Now I’d
like to share my experience in practicing oral
English.
Firstly, I’m always confident and brave(1). I
seize every opportunity to speak, not afraid of making mistakes
which may embarrass me(2) . I also find it of great benefit to take
part in English corners, where I make many friends(3)．By talking
with them, my oral English has improved a lot(4)．Finally, some
English programs like CCTV9 contribute to the
progress in my speaking ability(5). Through this channel, not only
am I kept informed of the current events going on both at home and
abroad, I also learn the standard pronunciation and intonation by
repeated imitation(6) .
Practice makes perfect, as the saying goes.
Only in this way can we improve our spoken
English.
修改后的文章使用了firstly, also,
finally，表达清晰；同时关键词oral English, spoken English以及与之相关的talk, speak,
repeat词语，多次出现于文中，突出了主题，也增加了语句间的联系。另外，第一和第二段之间使用了Now I’d like to
share my experience ...过渡句；最后Only in this way can we improve our
spoken English 照应主题，全文紧凑。
另外，句(4) 和句(6) (I also learn ...)
的添加，让读者明白了参加英语角和看CCTV9对提高英语口语水平的作用。总之，修改后的文章前后连贯，浑然一体。
[建议] 解决松散、句子游离于段落中的有效方法就是使用连接词、过渡句等，适当增加细节也是增加连贯性的重要手段。
写作中常见的过渡词有：
first, second, finally; also, besides,
furthermore, in addition, what’s more, what’s worse, worse still;
but, however, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand;
therefore, as a result; as a matter of fact, such as, for example;
all in all, in a word, in conclusion, in one’s opinion, in
brief等。
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