状语从句和并列句常考点

       状语从句是一项较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。掌握状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。
　　状语从句中从属连词when，while，as的多种含义
when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后；
as：一边……一边；随着；虽然；因为；依照，如……；
while：在……期间；而；虽然。

用when，while和as填空：
①He will take my place ________ I am away.
②I was having my lunch ________ the fire alarm went off.
③________ you have finished your work，you may have a rest.
④________ he swam，he cried for help.
⑤________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it good to spend too much time on it.
【答案】①while　②when　③When　④As　⑤While
　　as引导让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，若是倒装，需将所强调的成分即名词(句首名词不能有任何冠词)、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。
[注]①though引导状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although不能引起倒装。
②as，though，although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet连用。

完成下列句子：
①________________(虽然他是个孩子)，he knows what is the right thing to do.
②________________(虽然他工作很努力)，he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.
③_______________(虽然你可能失败)，you should never give up.
【答案】①Child as he is　②Hard as he worked　③Fail as you may
　　before的用法
注意判断before在状语从句中的含义：才；就；趁……没有；还没来得及；宁可……也不；不知不觉。

1. 判断下列各句中before的含义：
(　　)①We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
(　　)②We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
(　　)③Please write it down before you forget it.
(　　)④Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
(　　)⑤She would die before she'd give in.
(　　)⑥Three months went by before we knew it.
2. 区别以下句型：
用before，that，since，when填空：
①It's three days ________ he returned home.
②It was three days________ he returned home.
③It will be three days________ he returns home.
④It was three days later ________ he returned home.
⑤It was three o'clock ________ he returned.
【答案】1. ①才　②就　③趁……没有
④还没来得及　⑤宁可……也不　⑥不知不觉
2. ①since　②before　③before　④that　⑤when
[注]解答此类题目关键有三点：首先要确定是不是强调句，当我们把it is/was以及连接词去掉时，剩余部分若能构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句，这时连词用that；否则，就要考虑它的句式特点。其次要看是时间段还是时间点。再次是连接词前后的时态。当确定为时间段时，连接词前后时态不一致，用since；时态一致，用before；当确定为时间点时，强调句就用that，否则就用when。
　　where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系
where引导定语从句时，相当于in/at/to which；where引导状语从句时，相当于in/at/to the place where...如：
Please make a mark in the place where you have a question.(定语从句)
Please make a mark where you have a question.(状语从句)

①He lives in the quiet small village ________ I worked ten years ago.
②He lives in ________ is called the Fairy Land Outside of the World.
＝He lives in the place ________ is called the Fairy Land Outside of the World.
③—Mum，what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live ________ the air is fresher.
A. in where  B. in which
C. the place where  D. where
④________ others are weak，he is strong.
A. Where  B. In the place
C. Which  D. While
【答案】①where　②what；that/which　③D　④A
　　unless的用法
unless意为“除非；如果不”，相当于if...not。

①Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but ________ they have eggs or young chicks，they don't use a nest.
A. why　　　  B. how
C. unless　　　  D. where
②You must keep on working in the evening，________ you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A. as  B. if
C. when  D. unless
③We won't keep winning games ________ we keep playing well.
A. because  B. unless
C. when  D. while
④In time of serious accidents，________ we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives.
A. whether  B. until
C. if  D. unless
【答案】①C　②D　③B　④C
　　so...that...和 such...that...引导结果状语从句的区别
①so＋形容词/副词＋that...
so＋形容词＋a(n)＋名词＋that...
②such＋a(n)＋形容词＋名词＋that...
such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that...
[注]so/such...that...放在句首时要倒装。

完成下列句子：
①He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
＝He is ________________ that we all respect him.
＝So ________________ that we all respect him.
＝Such ________________ that we all respect him.
②He made ________ rapid progress that the teacher praised him.
＝He made ________ much progress that the teacher praised him.
【答案】①so good a teacher；good a teacher is he；a good teacher is he　②such；so
注意句型：
①表示目的状语的几种表达：
He got up early to catch the early bus.
＝He got up early in order to catch the early bus.
＝He got up early so as to catch the early bus.
＝He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
＝He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.
②His humour was such as to make us all laugh.
＝He was so humourous as to make us all laugh.
　　“一……就……”的表达法
“一……就……”的表达法有：as soon as，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，the moment/minute/second/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./doing。

完成下列句子：
他一到达车站，汽车就发动了。
__________(连词) he arrived at the station，the bus started.
＝________(连词) had he arrived at the station when the bus started.
＝________(连词) had he arrived at the station than the bus started.
＝________(副词) he arrived at the station，the bus started.
＝________(名词) he arrived at the station，the bus started.
＝________(介词) his arrival at the station，the bus started.
【答案】As soon as；Hardly/Scarcely；No sooner；Immediately/Directly/Instantly；The moment/minute/second/instant；Upon/On
　　注意倍数的表达
倍数放在形容词或副词的原级、比较级或名词前。如：
①This river is three times longer than that one.
This river is three times as long as that one.
This river is three times the length of that one.
②I have twice as many books as he has.
I have twice as much money as he has.

完成下列句子：
①这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
The room is ________ ________ ________ as that one.
The room is ________ ________ than that one.
The room is ________  ________ ________ of that one.
②The income of this year is twice ________ of last year.
The income of this year is twice ________ it was last year.
【答案】①twice as big；twice bigger；twice the size　②that；what
　　until / till的用法
until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。如：
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
[注]否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

①肯定句：She ________ (sleep) until midnight.
否定句：She ________ (arrive)until midnight.
②He didn't go to bed until he finished his work.
＝____．(倒装句)
＝____．(强调句)
【答案】①slept；didn't arrive　②Not until he finished his work did he go to bed；It was not until he finished his work that he went to bed
　　状语从句中的常用连词和特殊连词
从句
类型
常用连接词
特殊连接词

时间状语从句
when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as
一些时间名词：the moment，the instant，the minute，the day，next time，every time，the first time，the last time
一些副词：instantly，immediately，directly
固定搭配的连词：no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when

地点状语从句
where
wherever，anywhere

原因状语从句
because，since，as，for
seeing that，considering that，given that，in that，now that，for the reason that

目的状语从句
(so) that，in order that
lest，for fear that，in case

结果状语从句
so/such...that，so that
to the/such a degree that，to the/such an extent that

条件状语从句
if，unless，as long as
suppose，supposing，providing，provided，on condition that

让步状语从句
although，though，even though，even if
while(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)，wh－ever＝no matter wh－，whether...or...

比较状语从句
as，than
the more...，the more...

方式状语从句
as，as if/though
the (same) way，A is to B what C is to D

①My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ________ there is a power out.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A. if  B. unless
C. in case  D. so that
②My parents don't mind what job I do ________ I am happy.
A. even though
B. as soon as
C. as long as
D. as though
【答案】①C　②C
　　状语从句的省略现象
当when，while，if，unless，as，though，as if，as though等引导时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分。if，unless，when，though，once，as if 等连词后用－ing表示主动，－ed表示被动；as if 后如表示目的，则用to do表示。
[注]after，before，since，without后接being done表示被动。

完成下列句子：
①____________(如果有必要的话)，I'll explain to you again.
②Although ________(lack) money，they sent their children to school.
③When ____________(complete)，the hall can hold 2，000 people.
④He stopped as if ____________(see) if someone followed him.
【答案】①If necessary　②lacking　③completed　④to see
　　however和whatever引导状语从句的区别
however后接形容词或副词，相当于no matter how；而whatever后接名词，相当于no matter what。

用however，whatever填空：
①________ difficult it may be，you shouldn't give up.
________ difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
________ many difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
②You can dress ________ you like.
You can wear ________ you like.
【答案】①However；Whatever；However　②however；whatever
　　并列连词
表示转折对比关系的并列连词：
The car is old，(and/but) yet it is in good condition.
＝The car is old，but it is in good condition.
＝The car is old. However(＝Nevertheless＝Still)，it is in good condition.
[注]but不与 although 连用，但 yet，still 可与 although 连用。
for常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。

①Unlike watching TV，reading is a highly active process ________it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.
A. until  B. but
C. unless  D. for
②The old teacher found it increasingly difficult to read，________ her eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and  B. for
C. but  D. or
③She is seriously ill，________ she doesn't give up hope.
A. though  B. but
C. still  D. however
【答案】①D　②B　③B

1. (2014·江苏卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A. though  B. as
C. since  D. unless
2. (2014·天津卷)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless  B. Although
C. Before  D. Once
3. (2014·重庆卷)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
A. until  B. when
C. although  D. where
4. (2014·北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places.
A. so  B. or
C. for  D. but
5. (2014·陕西卷)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
A. while  B. before
C. after  D. since
6. (2013·江苏卷)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，________ it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever  B. whoever
C. wherever  D. whichever
7. (2013·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when  B. which
C. whose  D. where
8. (2013· 全国新课标卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again，________ I didn't want to spend all day with her.
A. but  B. and
C. so  D. or
9. (2013·山东卷)Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless  B. until
C. although  D. since
10. (2012·重庆卷)—Coach，can I continue with the training?
—Sorry，you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A. until  B. before
C. as  D. unless
【答案】1. A　2. D　3. D　4. A　5. B　6. C　7. D　8. A
9. D　10. C

1. The dog，if ________，will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly
B. being trained properly
C. properly to train
D. trained properly
2. How long do you suppose it is ________ he arrived here?
A. when  B. before
C. after  D. since
3. —How long did the meeting last yesterday afternoon?
—It was almost supper time________ the meeting was over.
A. that  B. until
C. when  D. which
4. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely，________ she was an only child.
A. ever since  B. now that
C. even though  D. even as
5. Many adults agree that teenagers shouldn't live alone ________ they have their parents' permission.
A. if  B. unless
C. in case  D. now that
6. You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence.
A. before  B. once
C. until  D. though
7. Though ________ of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
A. warning  B. to warn
C. warn  D. warned
8. He had hardly reached the airport ________ he started for his destination.
A. where  B. after
C. since  D. when
9. ________ people's life is getting better and better，there is a growing demand for petrol all over the world.
A. Though  B. When
C. While  D. As
10. There were some chairs left over ________ everyone had sat down.
A. when  B. until
C. that  D. where
11. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit，________ the season.
A. whatever  B. wherever
C. whenever  D. however
12. ________ well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A. However  B. Whatever
C. No matter  D. Although
13. How can you expect to learn anything ________ you never listen?
A. even if  B. unless
C. in case  D. when
14. —Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?
—He rushed out of the room ________ I could say a word.
A. before  B. until
C. when  D. after
15. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel ________ I heard the steps.
A. while  B. when
C. since  D. after
16. It was some time later ________ we realized the truth.
A. until  B. before
C. that  D. since
17. The doctor advised me to live ________ it is warm and a bit humid for the sake of my pneumonia.
A. in where  B. in which
C. the place where  D. where
18. —Dad，I've finished my assignment.
—Good，and ________ you play or watch TV，you mustn't disturb me.
A. whenever  B. whether
C. whatever  D. no matter
19. ________ we can't remove our troubles in life forever，we can leave them behind when we are on vacation.
A. When  B. While
C. Unless  D. Until
20. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ________ he arrived home.
A. before  B. when
C. that  D. until
21. I thought her nice and honest ________ I met her.
A. the first time  B. for the first time
C. at the first time  D. by the first time
22. The two military exercise were similar ________ they were both intended to give a threat to a certain country.
A. to what  B. for which
C. in that  D. except that
23. I want to sell my car ________ it is running.
A. before  B. while
C. once  D. if
24. —Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
—Yes. He had never praised him ________ he became one of the top students in his grade.
A. after  B. unless
C. until  D. when
25. All people, ________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. no matter  B. however
C. even if  D. whether
26. He was told that it would be at least three more months ________ he could recover and return to work.
A. when  B. before
C. since  D. that
27. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ________ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
   A. that  B. which    C. when  D. where
28. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ________ we are to shake hands with.
A. whichever   B. whenever     C. whoever       D. wherever
29. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we've actually had that lesson.
  A. until  B. after   C. since  D. when
30. —I'm going to New York for further studies next term.
—Congratulations! ________ you're there, can you keep me e－mailed?
A. As  B. While
C. Because  D. If
【答案】
1. D　2. D　3. C　4. C　5. B　
6. B　7. D　8. D  9. D　10. A　11. A12. A　13. D　14. A15. B　
16. C17. D　18. B　19. B20. B
21. A22. C　23. B　24. C25. D　
26. B　27. C　28. C　29. A 30. B